Nine years of patch testing with isocyanates in a clinic of occupational dermatology.

Background: Isocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers.

Objectives: To analyse results of a large isocyanate patch test series of 19 isocyanate test substances and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), a marker of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) hypersensitivity.

Severely compromised supply of patch test allergens in Europe hampers adequate diagnosis of occupational and non-occupational contact allergy. A European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD), European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) task forces 'Contact Dermatitis' and 'Occupational Skin Disease' position paper.

Patch testing is the only clinically applicable diagnostic method for Type IV allergy. The availability of Type IV patch test (PT) allergens in Europe, however, is currently scarce. This severely compromises adequate diagnostics of contact allergy, leading to serious consequences for the affected patients.

2-Cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate, a new contact allergen found in accelerator-free nitrile gloves.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from rubber glove usage is usually caused by rubber additives such as the accelerators. However, in analyses of the suspected gloves, ordinary rubber allergens are not always found. Accelerator-free rubber gloves are available, but some patients with accelerator allergy do not tolerate them and might also be patch test positive to them.

Acrylates in artificial nails-Results of product analyses and glove penetration studies.

Background: Artificial nail materials are mixtures that are prone to contain several sensitizing (meth)acrylates. It is not known whether the listing of (meth)acrylates is correct in these products' packages. Protective gloves suited for nail work are needed.

Occupational contact allergy: The European perspective-Analysis of patch test data from ESSCA between 2011 and 2020.

Background: Occupational skin diseases have led the occupational disease statistics in Europe for many years. Especially occupational allergic contact dermatitis is associated with a poor prognosis and low healing rates leading to an enormous burden for the affected individual and for society.

Objectives: To present the sensitization frequencies to the most relevant allergens of the European baseline series in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and to compare sensitization profiles of different occupations.

The additive value of patch testing non-commercial test substances and patients' own products in a clinic of occupational dermatology.

Background: Commercial patch test substances do not cover all occupational contact allergens. Workplace materials and in-house test substances are tested to complement the investigation of occupational skin disease (OSD).

Objectives: To quantify the additional value of testing workplace materials and non-commercial in-house test substances in the diagnosis of OSD.

Patch test results with the European baseline series, 2019/20-Joint European results of the ESSCA and the EBS working groups of the ESCD, and the GEIDAC.

Background: Continual analyses of patch test results with the European baseline series (EBS) serve both contact allergy surveillance and auditing the value of included allergens.

Objectives: To present results of current EBS patch testing, obtained in 53 departments in 13 European countries during 2019 and 2020.

Methods: Anonymised or pseudonymised individual data and partly aggregated data on demographic/clinical characteristics and patch test rest results with the EBS were prospectively collected and centrally pooled and analysed.

European patch test results with audit allergens as candidates for inclusion in the European Baseline Series, 2019/20: Joint results of the ESSCA and the EBS working groups of the ESCD, and the GEIDAC.

Background: In 2019, a number of allergens (haptens), henceforth, "the audit allergens," were considered as potential additions to the European Baseline Series (EBS), namely, sodium metabisulfite, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, Compositae mix II (2.5% or 5% pet), linalool hydroperoxides (lin-OOH), limonene hydroperoxides (lim-OOH), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), decyl glucoside, and lauryl glucoside; Evernia furfuracea (tree moss), was additionally tested by some departments as well.

Objectives: To collect further data on patch test reactivity and clinical relevance of the audit allergens in consecutive patients across Europe.

Patterns of positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health from 2007 to 2020.

Background: Formaldehyde is an important contact sensitizer. Formaldehyde releasing substances induce positive reactions in formaldehyde-allergic patients, but there are also reactions independent of formaldehyde allergy. In an earlier study, stronger formaldehyde reactions led to more positive reactions to quaternium-15.

European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Characteristics of patients patch tested and diagnosed with irritant contact dermatitis.

Background: Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is caused by the acute locally toxic effect of a strong irritant, or the cumulative exposure to various weaker physical and/or chemical irritants.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of patients with ICD in the population patch tested in the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA; www.essca-dc.

Machine-learning-driven biomarker discovery for the discrimination between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.

Contact dermatitis tremendously impacts the quality of life of suffering patients. Currently, diagnostic regimes rely on allergy testing, exposure specification, and follow-up visits; however, distinguishing the clinical phenotype of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis remains challenging. Employing integrative transcriptomic analysis and machine-learning approaches, we aimed to decipher disease-related signature genes to find suitable sets of biomarkers.

Allergic contact dermatitis and other occupational skin diseases in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in 2005-2016.

Background: Health care workers are an important risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).

Aims: To study diagnoses and causes of OSDs in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in 2005-2016.

Methods: We searched the FROD for dermatological cases (a) in health care-related occupations defined by ISCO-08 and (b) in the industrial branch of health care defined by European industry standard classification system (NACE rev.

Hairdressers' occupational skin diseases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in a period of 14 years.

Background: Hairdressers have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis caused by exposure to wet work and allergens in hairdressing chemicals.

Objectives: To examine the distribution of diagnoses of occupational skin diseases (OSDs) and their main causes in hairdressers based on a national register data on occupational diseases.

Methods: We retrieved cases of recognized OSDs in hairdressers from the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in years 2005-2018.

Occupational buckwheat allergy as a cause of allergic rhinitis, asthma, contact urticaria and anaphylaxis-An emerging problem in food-handling occupations?

Buckwheat is a known, though uncommon, allergen in occupational settings. It has recently gained popularity as healthy food and as an ingredient in gluten-free diets. We describe a series of six patient cases with occupational immediate allergy to buckwheat.

Formaldehyde 2% is not a useful means of detecting allergy to formaldehyde releasers- results of the ESSCA network, 2015-2018.

Background: Studies suggest that patch testing with formaldehyde releasers (FRs) gives significant additional information to formaldehyde 1% aq. and should be considered for addition to the European baseline series (EBS). It is not known if this is also true for formaldehyde 2% aq.

Construction workers' skin disorders in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases 2005-2016.

Background: Construction workers are a known risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).

Objectives: To study diagnoses and causes of OSD in construction workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) 2005-2016.

Materials And Methods: We searched the FROD for dermatological cases in (a) construction-related occupations defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) and (b) in the industrial branch of construction defined by the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.

Contact urticaria and protein contact dermatitis in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in a period of 12 years.

Background: Although occupational contact urticaria (CU) and protein contact dermatitis (PCD) are considered frequent among workers with exposure to proteinaceous materials, data on occupations at risk and the main causes of these occupational skin diseases are relatively limited.

Objectives: To report the causative agents and risk occupations for CU and PCD in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD).

Methods: We retrieved from the FROD all recognized cases of CU/PCD in the years 2005-2016.