Bacterial Infection Features in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: Review of a 2016-2021 Cohort.

Bacterial infections (BI) are a major cause of mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH); however, only a few studies have investigated BI in AH in the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess the features and outcomes of BI in patients with AH. This observational descriptive study included patients with AH admitted to a tertiary academic hospital between 2016 and 2021.

Worldwide Prevalence and Description of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome According to the Results of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study.

Introduction: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction of unknown origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the global prevalence of this disorder and its associated factors.

Methods: Data were collected from nationwide Internet surveys in 26 countries, with subjects evenly distributed by age, sex, and country.

Lipid turnover through lipophagy in the newly identified extremophilic green microalga Chlamydomonas urium.

Autophagy is a central degradative pathway highly conserved among eukaryotes, including microalgae, which remains unexplored in extremophilic organisms. In this study, we described and characterized autophagy in the newly identified extremophilic green microalga Chlamydomonas urium, which was isolated from an acidic environment. The nuclear genome of C.

Syndrome of the third frontal convolution: Léon Ectors´ legacy on paradoxical ipsilateral hemiparesis.

Since the crossed control of sensitive-motor body functions by the contralateral cerebral hemispheres was recognized in the early 18th century, clinicians have been baffled by patients developing a motor deficit involving the extremities on the same side as an intracranial lesion. In the first third of the 20th century, three main hypotheses were proposed to explain this so-called ipsilateral or paradoxical hemiparesis: (1) the absence of decussation of the corticospinal tracts; (2) diaschisis, or blocking of the normal input to a brain region anatomically distant from the injured site; and (3) compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial border, also known as the Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon. Here, we deal with the less widely known contributions of the Belgian neurosurgeon Léon Ectors, who included this paradoxical deficit within a neurological syndrome he considered highly specific for an early diagnosis of those meningiomas growing over the third frontal convolution.

Redox-mediated activation of ATG3 promotes ATG8 lipidation and autophagy progression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Autophagy is one of the main degradative pathways used by eukaryotic organisms to eliminate useless or damaged intracellular material to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Mounting evidence indicates a strong interplay between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of autophagy. Although a tight redox regulation of autophagy has been shown in several organisms, including microalgae, the molecular mechanisms underlying this control remain poorly understood.

Redox partner interactions in the ATG8 lipidation system in microalgae.

Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that functions as a degradative and recycling process to maintain cellular homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells, including photosynthetic organisms such as microalgae. This process involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which engulf the material to be degraded and recycled in lytic compartments. Autophagy is mediated by a set of highly conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins that play a fundamental role in the formation of the autophagosome.

Presurgical predictive factors of surgical remission in Cushing's disease. Study of 32 cases.

Purpose: Identify presurgical factors associated with surgical remission in Cushing's disease (CD).

Methods: All the patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's Syndrome in follow-up at our centre between 2014-2021 (n=40) were identified. Those patients with CD diagnosis who underwent transsphenoidal surgery by the same neurosurgeon (n=32) were included.

Monitoring Autophagic Flux in the Model Single-Celled Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Autophagy is a catabolic process by which eukaryotic cells degrade and recycle unnecessary or damaged intracellular components to maintain cellular homeostasis and to cope with stress. The development of specific tools to monitor autophagy in microalgae and plants has been fundamental to investigate this catabolic pathway in photosynthetic organisms. The protein ATG8 is a widely used molecular marker of autophagy in all eukaryotes, including the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Analyzing the impact of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism on the nutrient regulation of TOR.

The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase is a master regulator of cell growth in all eukaryotes, from unicellular yeast and algae to multicellular animals and plants. Target of rapamycin balances the synthesis and degradation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in response to nutrients, growth factors and cellular energy to promote cell growth. Among nutrients, amino acids (AAs) and glucose are central regulators of TOR activity in evolutionary distant eukaryotes such as mammals, plants and algae.

Deciphering the function and evolution of the target of rapamycin signaling pathway in microalgae.

Microalgae constitute a highly diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that are widely distributed on Earth. The rich diversity of microalgae arose from endosymbiotic events that took place early in the evolution of eukaryotes and gave rise to multiple lineages including green algae, the ancestors of land plants. In addition to their fundamental role as the primary source of marine and freshwater food chains, microalgae are essential producers of oxygen on the planet and a major biotechnological target for sustainable biofuel production and CO2 mitigation.

Photosynthetic assimilation of CO regulates TOR activity.

The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a master regulator that integrates nutrient signals to promote cell growth in all eukaryotes. It is well established that amino acids and glucose are major regulators of TOR signaling in yeast and metazoan, but whether and how TOR responds to carbon availability in photosynthetic organisms is less understood. In this study, we showed that photosynthetic assimilation of CO by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle regulates TOR activity in the model single-celled microalga Stimulation of CO fixation boosted TOR activity, whereas inhibition of the CBB cycle and photosynthesis down-regulated TOR.

Presurgical predictive factors of surgical remission in Cushing's disease. Study of 32 cases.

Purpose: Identify presurgical factors associated with surgical remission in Cushing's disease (CD).

Methods: All the patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's Syndrome in follow-up at our centre between 2014-2021 (n=40) were identified. Those patients with CD diagnosis who underwent transsphenoidal surgery by the same neurosurgeon (n=32) were included.

The ATG4 protease integrates redox and stress signals to regulate autophagy.

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative pathway that ensures cellular homeostasis through the removal of damaged or useless intracellular components including proteins, membranes, or even entire organelles. A main hallmark of autophagy is the biogenesis of autophagosomes, double-membrane vesicles that engulf and transport to the vacuole the material to be degraded and recycled. The formation of autophagosomes responds to integrated signals produced as a consequence of metabolic reactions or different types of stress and is mediated by the coordinated action of core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins.

Phosphorus Availability Regulates TORC1 Signaling via LST8 in Chlamydomonas.

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a central regulator of cell growth. It balances anabolic and catabolic processes in response to nutrients, growth factors, and energy availability. Nitrogen- and carbon-containing metabolites have been shown to activate TORC1 in yeast, animals, and plants.

Optimum Particle Size of Treated Calcites for CO Capture in a Power Plant.

This work has analyzed the influence of the particle size of a calcite from a quarry, whether original, calcined, or rehydrated, on the efficiency of CO capture of the gases emitted in a coal-fired power plant. Three different particle sizes 0.5 mm, 0.

Characteristics and outcome of patients with solid tumour requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Usefulness of three severity score systems.

Background And Objective: To describe the characteristics and the evolution of patients with solid tumours admitted to the ICU and to identify factors associated with hospital mortality and to evaluate three illness severity scores.

Material And Methods: Descriptive study including 132 patients with solid tumour admitted to the ICU (2010-2016). Demographics and cancer-related data, organ failures, life-supporting therapies and severity scores: APACHE II, SOFA and ICU Cancer Mortality Model (ICMM) were collected.

Chloroplast Damage Induced by the Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis Triggers Autophagy in Chlamydomonas.

Fatty acids are synthesized in the stroma of plant and algal chloroplasts by the fatty acid synthase complex. Newly synthesized fatty acids are then used to generate plastidial lipids that are essential for chloroplast structure and function. Here, we show that inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in the model alga activates autophagy, a highly conserved catabolic process by which cells degrade intracellular material under adverse conditions to maintain cell homeostasis.

Monitoring Autophagy in the Model Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents and organelles in the vacuole. This degradative process is mediated by a group of proteins coded by autophagy-related () genes that are widely conserved from yeasts to plants and mammals. Homologs of genes have been also identified in algal genomes including the unicellular model green alga .

Autophagic flux is required for the synthesis of triacylglycerols and ribosomal protein turnover in Chlamydomonas.

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that allows cells to recycle unneeded or damaged material to maintain cellular homeostasis. This highly dynamic process is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which engulf and deliver the cargo to the vacuole. Flow of material through the autophagy pathway and its degradation in the vacuole is known as autophagic flux, and reflects the autophagic degradation activity.

The Deep Thioredoxome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: New Insights into Redox Regulation.

Thiol-based redox post-translational modifications have emerged as important mechanisms of signaling and regulation in all organisms, and thioredoxin plays a key role by controlling the thiol-disulfide status of target proteins. Recent redox proteomic studies revealed hundreds of proteins regulated by glutathionylation and nitrosylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while much less is known about the thioredoxin interactome in this organism. By combining qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses, we have comprehensively investigated the Chlamydomonas thioredoxome and 1188 targets have been identified.

The TOR Signaling Network in the Model Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Cell growth is tightly coupled to nutrient availability. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase transmits nutritional and environmental cues to the cellular growth machinery. TOR functions in two distinct multiprotein complexes, termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR complex 2 (TORC2).

Control of Autophagy in Chlamydomonas Is Mediated through Redox-Dependent Inactivation of the ATG4 Protease.

Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway by which eukaryotic cells deliver unnecessary or damaged cytoplasmic material to the vacuole for its degradation and recycling in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Control of autophagy has been associated with the production of reactive oxygen species in several organisms, including plants and algae, but the precise regulatory molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the ATG4 protease, an essential protein for autophagosome biogenesis, plays a central role for the redox regulation of autophagy in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Our results indicate that the activity of C.