Medical occurrence and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination outside of the hospital setting.

During COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been strongly recommended and advocated to prevent COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes, particularly among at-risk populations. The vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (COVAC) occurred at off-site locations capable of accommodating large crowds, distinct from the hospital setting, where a team of intensivists, emergency physicians, and nurses, ensuring prompt medical attention (medical occurrences, MO) in cases of adverse event following immunization. Our aims were to estimate the incidence of MO, and to assess its association with demographics, and vaccine characteristics.

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency.

This study is about linking preparative processes of nanoparticles with the morphology of the nanoparticles and with their efficiency in delivering payloads intracellularly. The nanoparticles are composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan; the former can address a nanoparticle to cell surface receptors such as CD44, the second allows both for entrapment of nucleic acids and for an endosomolytic activity that facilitates their liberation in the cytoplasm. Here, we have systematically compared nanoparticles prepared either A) through a two-step process based on intermediate (template) particles produced via ionotropic gelation of chitosan with triphosphate (TPP), which are then incubated with HA, or B) through direct polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan and HA.

Binding and Internalization in Receptor-Targeted Carriers: The Complex Role of CD44 in the Uptake of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanoparticles (siRNA Delivery).

CD44 is an endocytic hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor, and is overexpressed in many carcinomas. This has encouraged the use of HA to design CD44-targeting carriers. This paper is about dissecting the mechanistic role of CD44.

Patchy Amphiphilic Dendrimers Bind Adenovirus and Control Its Host Interactions and in Vivo Distribution.

The surface of proteins is heterogeneous with sophisticated but precise hydrophobic and hydrophilic patches, which is essential for their diverse biological functions. To emulate such distinct surface patterns on macromolecules, we used rigid spherical synthetic dendrimers (polyphenylene dendrimers) to provide controlled amphiphilic surface patches with molecular precision. We identified an optimal spatial arrangement of these patches on certain dendrimers that enabled their interaction with human adenovirus 5 (Ad5).

Extracellular Albumin and Endosomal Ions Prime Enterovirus Particles for Uncoating That Can Be Prevented by Fatty Acid Saturation.

There is limited information about the molecular triggers leading to the uncoating of enteroviruses under physiological conditions. Using real-time spectroscopy and sucrose gradients with radioactively labeled virus, we show at 37°C, the formation of albumin-triggered, metastable uncoating intermediate of echovirus 1 without receptor engagement. This conversion was blocked by saturating the albumin with fatty acids.

Tyrosinase-Mediated Bioconjugation. A Versatile Approach to Chimeric Macromolecules.

We present a method for tyrosine-selective and reversible bioconjugation; tyrosines are enzymatically converted into catechols and in situ "clicked" onto boronic acids. Importantly, our process selectively produces catechols and avoids quinones, thereby improving the control over the chemical identity of the products. We have conjugated boronic acid-containing hyaluronic acid (HyA) to peptides bearing tyrosines in variable number and position; the use of tagging peptides for the provision of well exposed tyrosine residues-in our case the hemagglutinin-derived HA-tag-makes our approach applicable to virtually any protein; we have demonstrated this concept by conjugating HA-tagged ovalbumin to HyA, thereby also showing the feasibility of producing chimeric proteoglycans.

Self-replicating RNA vaccine functionality modulated by fine-tuning of polyplex delivery vehicle structure.

The major limitations with large and complex self-amplifying RNA vaccines (RepRNA) are RNase-sensitivity and inefficient translation in dendritic cells (DCs). Condensing RepRNA with polyethylenimine (PEI) gave positive in vitro readouts, but was largely inferior to virus-like replicon particles (VRP) or direct electroporation. In the present study, we improved such polyplex formulation and determined that fine-tuning of the polyplex structure is essential for ensuring efficacious translation.

Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles: Rational Design Revisited for RNA Delivery.

Chitosan/hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles can be used to deliver an RNA/DNA cargo to cells overexpressing HA receptors such as CD44. For these systems, unequivocal links have not been established yet between chitosan macromolecular (molecular weight; degree of deacetylation, i.e.

Additives for vaccine storage to improve thermal stability of adenoviruses from hours to months.

Up to 80% of the cost of vaccination programmes is due to the cold chain problem (that is, keeping vaccines cold). Inexpensive, biocompatible additives to slow down the degradation of virus particles would address the problem. Here we propose and characterize additives that, already at very low concentrations, improve the storage time of adenovirus type 5.

Hyaluronan/Tannic Acid Nanoparticles Via Catechol/Boronate Complexation as a Smart Antibacterial System.

Nanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid (HA) are designed to deliver tannic acid (TA) as an antimicrobial agent. The presence of HA makes these particles potentially useful to target bacteria that colonize cells presenting HA membrane receptors (e.g.

Mannosylation Allows for Synergic (CD44/C-Type Lectin) Uptake of Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles in Dendritic Cells, but Only upon Correct Ligand Presentation.

The selective targeting of dendritic cells (DCs) can lead to more efficacious vaccines. Here, materials have been designed for a synergic DC targeting: interacting with CD44 through the use of hyaluronic acid (HA), and with mannose-binding lectins (typical DC pattern recognition receptors) through HA mannosylation. Negatively charged, HA-displaying nanoparticles are produced via polyelectrolyte complexation of (mannosylated) HA and high- or low- molecular-weight chitosan (CS, 36 and 656 kDa).

Enteral Nutrition Support Reduces the Necessity of Total Parenteral Nutrition to Reach Patient-Specific Caloric Goals Postpancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objectives: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with significant rates of postoperative complications. Although there is evidence that enteral nutrition support (ENS) may reduce postoperative sepsis, the true value of ENS in the abrogation of septic complications remains controversial. The aim of our study is to investigate the postoperative outcome of patients post-PD with and without ENS.

Priority persistent contaminants in people dwelling in critical areas of Campania Region, Italy (SEBIOREC biomonitoring study).

To investigate if protracted living in degraded environments of the Caserta and Naples provinces (Campania Region, Italy) had an impact on exposure of local people, highly toxic persistent contaminants were measured in blood, blood serum, and human milk of a large number of healthy donors. Sampling was carried out from 2008 to 2009. Blood was collected from over 850 20-64-year old donors; by pooling, 84 blood and 84 serum samples were obtained.

Role of the nutrition professional in high-risk obstetrics inpatient teams.

Beyond the management of gestational diabetes and weight control, limited literature exists on nutritional management in high-risk pregnancies. This study is a starting point for understanding the role of the registered dietitian (RD) in high-risk obstetrics (HRO) inpatient teams. Demographic information was gathered on Ontario HRO inpatient units and patient characteristics, and the RD's role in this setting was explored.

Coating of nitrocellulose for colorimetric DNA microarrays.

We report on the modification of a nitrocellulose film with copoly(DMA-NAS-MAPS), a tercopolymer based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-acryloyloxysuccinimide (NAS), and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl-methacrylate (MAPS). The chains of this polymer, interacting with nitrocellulose fibers, introduce active ester functionalities that promote the covalent binding of short oligonucleotide fragments to the nitrocellulose thin film. Using colorimetric detection, naked eye visible DNA microarrays are developed for easy identification of foodborne pathogens.