Dynamic Imaging of Blood Coagulation Within the Hematoma of Patients With Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Background: The dynamics of blood clot (combination of Hb [hemoglobin], fibrin, and a higher concentration of aggregated red blood cells) formation within the hematoma of an intracerebral hemorrhage is not well understood. A quantitative neuroimaging method of localized coagulated blood volume/distribution within the hematoma might improve clinical decision-making.

Methods: The deoxyhemoglobin of aggregated red blood cells within extravasated blood exhibits a higher magnetic susceptibility due to unpaired heme iron electrons.

Age and sex-specific stroke epidemiology in COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 has emerged as an independent risk factor for stroke. We aimed to determine age and sex-specific stroke incidence and risk factors with COVID-19 in the US using a large electronic health record (EHR) that included both inpatients and outpatients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using individual-level data from Optum de-identified COVID-19 EHR.

Longitudinal, Quantitative, Multimodal MRI Evaluation of Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Over the First Year.

In most patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the hematoma and perihematomal area decrease over the subsequent months but patients continue to exhibit neurological impairments. In this serial imaging study, we characterized microstructural and neurophysiological changes in the ICH-affected brain tissues and collected the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Score (mRS), two clinical stroke scale scores. Twelve ICH patients were serially imaged on a 3T MRI at 1, 3, and 12 months (M) after injury.

Gradenigo's and Vernet's syndrome in an adult man with Candida mastoiditis.

The authors report a case of fungal otitis media complicated by extension of the infection into adjacent structures causing apical petrositis and subsequently involvement of the jugular foramen in a 71-year-old diabetic man. First described in 1907, Gradenigo's syndrome is a serious but rare clinical triad of acute otitis media, unilateral pain in the distribution of cranial nerve V (trigeminal) and ipsilateral cranial nerve VI (abducens) palsy that commonly presents without all three features and is therefore often missed. In this report, our patient was initially misdiagnosed as having a diabetic cranial neuropathy, and later he developed Vernet's syndrome.

Awake Craniotomy with Noninvasive Brain Mapping by 3-Tesla Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Excision of Low-grade Glioma: A Case of a Young Patient from Pakistan.

The past few years have seen increasing support for gross total resection in the management of low-grade gliomas (LGGs), with a greater extent of resection correlated with better overall survival, progression-free survival, and time to malignant transformation. There is consistent evidence in literature supporting extent of safe resection as a good prognostic indicator as well as positively affecting seizure control, symptomatic relief in pressure symptoms, and longer progression-free and total survival. The operative goal in most LGG cases is to maximize the extent of resection for these benefits while avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits.

Cross-sectional study identifying forms of tobacco used by Shisha smokers in Pakistan.

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of different forms of tobacco intake such as smoker's tobacco, chewable tobacco and snuff tobacco among shisha smoker's and to study the patterns and predictors of shisha smoking affecting youth from different cities of Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including youth from four cities. Participants were asked to fill out a data collection tool at shisha cafes, shopping malls and restaurants.

Microdiscectomy for lumbosacral disc herniation and frequency of failed disc surgery.

Background: Microdiscectomy for lumbosacral disc herniations is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. The patient demographics, symptomatology, and recovery are highly variable, and surgical outcomes depend on several factors, including patient demographics. Failed disc surgery refers to failure of improvement in patient's symptoms following microdiscectomy, and has been observed to occur in up to 12% of patients.

Ego defense mechanisms in Pakistani medical students: a cross sectional analysis.

Background: Ego defense mechanisms (or factors), defined by Freud as unconscious resources used by the ego to reduce conflict between the id and superego, are a reflection of how an individual deals with conflict and stress. This study assesses the prevalence of various ego defense mechanisms employed by medical students of Karachi, which is a group with higher stress levels than the general population.

Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on 682 students from five major medical colleges of Karachi over 4 weeks in November 2006.