Transgender Women in India: Neocolonialism, Stigmatization and Discrimination.

Stigmatization is a widespread social process that is sustained via the use of social, cultural, economic, and political power, and it has negative outcomes such as discrimination and exclusion. In India, transgender people have historically been called Hijra, Aravanis, and Kothis, and they have struggled since British colonialism against cisgender and heteronormative conventions that label them as outsiders despite their deep pre-colonial cultural origins. This research uses Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model t explore the independence and vulnerability of 45 transgender women living in Sambalpur City, Western Odisha, India.

Mental Health Practitioners' Knowledge of LGBTQA+ Conversion Practices and Their Perceptions of Impacts on Survivors.

The aims of this study were to identify Australian mental health practitioners' knowledge of what LGBTQA+ conversion practices are and their perceptions of impacts on survivors. We interviewed 18 mental health workers from a range of clinical modalities who were practicing in Australia. We used reflexive thematic analytic techniques to identify themes that characterized Australian mental health practitioners' knowledge of LGBTQA+ conversion practices and perceptions of the impacts of such practices on survivors.