The Consensus Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is an Adequate Predictor of Lung Function at Preschool Age.

Background: Recent attempts to refine the definition bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have based its predictive capacity on respiratory outcome in the first 2 years of life, eliminating the pre-existing requirement of 28 days of oxygen therapy prior to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The objective of this study was to assess the utility of the 2001 consensus definition in predicting impaired lung function at preschool age.

Methods: This cohort study included children aged 4-6 years old who were born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks or bodyweight <1500 g.

Feeding patterns and growth trajectories in breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the introduction of complementary food.

Introduction: several investigations have identified breastfeeding as a protective factor for rapid infant weight gain and childhood obesity while other studies have found that this protective effect could be the result of confounding factors. Objectives: to assess the associations between lactation practices (breast-fed vs formula-fed infants) during the introduction of complementary food period, as well as the following: a) patterns of food intake; and b) trajectories of growth at six, nine and 12 months (z-score of weight, height and body mass index [BMI] and changes in these z-scores from six to 12 months). Methods: two hundred and three infants randomly selected from Spanish Primary Health Centres were measured.

Early life risk factors and their cumulative effects as predictors of overweight in Spanish children.

Objectives: To explore early life risk factors of overweight/obesity at age 6 years and their cumulative effects on overweight/obesity at ages 2, 4 and 6 years.

Methods: Altogether 1031 Spanish children were evaluated at birth and during a 6-year follow-up. Early life risk factors included: parental overweight/obesity, parental origin/ethnicity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, gestational age, birth weight, caesarean section, breastfeeding practices and rapid infant weight gain collected via hospital records.

Social vulnerabilities as determinants of overweight in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old Spanish children.

Background: Differences in obesity prevalence among vulnerable groups exist in childhood but it remains unclear whether these differences may be partly determined by socioeconomic status (SES), parental body mass index (BMI) and early life risk factors. We aimed to explore (i) longitudinal associations between belonging to a minority group and being overweight/obese at age 2, 4 and 6 and (ii) associations between accumulation of social vulnerabilities and being overweight/obese at age 6.

Methods: In total, 1031 children (53.

Infant growth and early adiposity depending on immigrant background and anthropometric standards; the CALINA Study.

Objective: To compare infant growth and adiposity pattern up to 2 years of age in Spanish infants, depending on maternal origin and anthropometric standards.

Methods: Longitudinal study of a representative cohort of infants born at term in Aragon (Spain) (n = 1.430).

Subcutaneous fat distribution in small for gestational age newborns.

We assessed the anthropometric characteristics of symmetric (SGA-S) and asymmetric (SGA-A) term newborns and describe their subcutaneous fat differences. We assessed perinatal data, maternal characteristics and anthropometric variables (including skinfold thicknesses) in 139 small for gestational age (SGA) term infants, classified as symmetric and asymmetric according to their ponderal index (using the 10(th) percentile as the cut-off criterion). Despite an overall small body size and lower amounts of subcutaneous fat than the reference population, SGA-S term newborns showed a proportionate body fat distribution and SGA-A were thinner and had a lower percentage of central subcutaneous fat than SGA-S.