Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)?

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to explore in-depth the different aspects of the association between very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction.

Recent Findings: The VLCKD, proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of certain chronic diseases, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Initially used to treat epilepsy, it has been shown to be effective in controlling body weight gain and addressing various pathophysiological conditions.

[Real-world evidence on pharmacological appropriateness in type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease].

Objective: To estimate the proportion of individuals with established Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) who are receiving pharmacological anti-diabetic treatment with evidence of cardiovascular benefit at a hospital in Argentina.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires. A consecutive sample of adult patients affiliated with the institutional prepaid health plan active in March 2020, diagnosed with T2DM and established CVD, was included.

[Prognostic value of hospital hypoglycemia].

Background: Hospital hypoglycemia (HH) is an important problem since it is linked to hospital death, prolonged stay and higher costs, both in people with and without diabetes, in the critical area and general ward, especially in cases of severe hypoglycemia. The objective of our work was to compare hospital mortality, transfer to the critical area and hospitalization periods in adults with HH according to its severity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort of adults hospitalized with hypoglycemia at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between 2013 and 2018.

Prevalence of diabetes, epidemiological characteristics and vascular complications.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of diabetes in outpatient care and to describe its epidemiological characteristics, comorbidities, and related vascular complications.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study which included all adults affiliated from a private insurance health plan on March 2019, at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, from Argentina.

Results: The global prevalence of diabetes resulted in 8.

Recurrence of Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Areas: An Opportunity to Improve Patient Care Using Electronic Health Records.

Electronic Health Records offer an opportunity to improve patient care (in terms of quality and/or safety) by making available patient health information stored in a single Clinical Data Repository. We aimed to estimate the frequency of hypoglycemic recurrences in hospitalized adult patients in non-critical areas. We designed a cross sectional study with hospitalizations between 2017 and 2018, which included patients with at least one hypoglycemia health record (defined as a value <70 mg/dL, either by capillary glycemic monitoring or serum measurement).

[Descriptive study of infection by SARS-CoV-2 in adults with diabetes].

The main objective was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with COVID-19, to explore associated factors; and to describe clinical evolution of hospitalized patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included adults confirmed with COVID-19 between 03/12/2020 and 10/15/2020, at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. From 6009 people with COVID-19, 408 had previous diagnosis of DM, yielding a prevalence of 6% (95%CI 6-7), higher prevalence was associated with age (12% in = 60 years and 3% in < 60 years; p = 0.

In-Hospital Mortality and Glycemic Control in Patients with Hospital Hyperglycemia.

Stress-induced hyperglycemia is a phenomenon that occurs typically in patients hospitalized for acute disease and resolves spontaneously after regression of the acute illness. However, it can also occur in diabetes patients, a fact that is sometimes overlooked. It is thus important to make a proper diabetes diagnosis if hospitalized patients with episodes of hyperglycemia with and without diabetes are studied.

A Transcriptional Analysis of the Genes Involved in the Ascorbic Acid Pathways Based on a Comparison of the Juice and Leaves of Navel and Anthocyanin-Rich Sweet Orange Varieties.

Sweet oranges are an important source of ascorbic acid (AsA). In this study, the content of AsA in the juice and leaves of four orange clonal selections, different in terms of maturity time and the presence/absence of anthocyanins, was correlated with the transcription levels of the main genes involved in the biosynthesis, recycling, and degradation pathways. Within each variety, differences in the above pathways and the AsA amount were found between the analysed tissues.

Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in and Related Genera.

Background: Anthocyanin pigmentation characterizes a number of tissues of and its relatives. The gain and loss of pigmentation is intriguing and is inherited variously among species.

Methods: germplasm was used to investigate the anthocyanin pigmentation of tissues never before considered, including stamen, style and stigma, and of young leaves, petals, rind and flesh of 28 genotypes belonging to 14 species.

[Ileitis as presentation of lymphoma in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome].

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare X chromosome-linked primary immunodeficiency syndrome associated with an increased incidence of infections, autoimmune disorders and neoplasms. We present the case of a 41-year-old man with a diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome with ileitis as a form of presentation of a lymphoproliferative syndrome. The ileitis, in the context of the patient, represents a clinical challenge given the large number of differential diagnoses (inflammatory bowel disease, infections, neoplasms and lymphoproliferative diseases), so it usually requires anatomopathological diagnosis and particular considerations regarding the subsequent specific treatment.

[Granulocytic Sarcoma: Two cases with Lymph Node Presentation].

Two cases of granulocytic sarcoma (GS) with lymph node presentation without marrow involvement are presented because it is a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that can coexist with or precede it and as initial symptom (case 1) or disease relapse (case 2). The most common differential diagnoses are lymphoma or solid tumor. Biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis.

Rootstock-scion interaction affecting citrus response to CTV infection: a proteomic view.

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the causal agent of various diseases with dramatic effects on citrus crops worldwide. Most Citrus species, grown on their own roots, are symptomless hosts for many CTV isolates. However, depending on different scion-rootstock combination, CTV infection should result in distinct syndromes, being 'tristeza' the more severe one, leading to a complete decline of the susceptible plants in a few weeks.

Use of a custom array to study differentially expressed genes during blood orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) ripening.

A flesh-specific oligonucleotide custom array was designed to study gene expression during blood orange ripening. The array included 301 probes derived from a subtracted SSH library, a cDNA-AFLP collection, and a set of regulatory genes from the Harvest citrus database. The custom array was hybridized using samples of Moro, a pigmented cultivar, and Cadenera, a common cultivar, at three different ripening stages: the immature phase, the halfway point of maturation (corresponding to the start of Moro pigmentation) and the full ripening.

Proteome analysis of Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck) flesh at ripening time.

A combination of 2-DE and LC-MSMS approaches was used to identify the differentially expressed proteome of a pigmented sweet orange (Citrus sinensis, cv. Moro) in comparison with a common cultivar (Cadenera) at ripening time. The comparison of the protein patterns of Moro and Cadenera showed 64 differential expressed protein spots.

NF-kappaB-inducing kinase restores defective IkappaB kinase activity and NF-kappaB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.

Cytokine-stimulated IkappaBalpha degradation is impaired in HT-29 and primary intestinal epithelial cells. To gain more insight into the mechanism of this defect, we dissected cytokine-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. IL-1beta and TNF, alone or in combination with IFNgamma, failed to induce IkappaBalpha or IkappaBbeta degradation in HT-29 cells.

Toll-like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells.

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates Kupffer cells and participates in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. However, it is unknown whether LPS directly affects hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main fibrogenic cell type in the injured liver. This study characterizes LPS-induced signal transduction and proinflammatory gene expression in activated human HSCs.

Constitutive nuclear factor-kappa B activity is required for central neuron survival.

The function of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB within the developing and mature CNS is controversial. We have generated transgenic mice to reveal NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in vivo. As expected, constitutive NF-kappaB activity was observed within immune organs, and tumor necrosis factor-inducible NF-kappaB activity was present in mesenchymal cells.

IKK beta and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt participate in non-pathogenic Gram-negative enteric bacteria-induced RelA phosphorylation and NF-kappa B activation in both primary and intestinal epithelial cell lines.

Pathogenic and enteroinvasive bacteria have been shown to trigger the I kappa B/NF-kappa B transcriptional system and proinflammatory gene expression in epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the commensal Gram-negative Bacteroides vulgatus-induced NF-kappa B signal transduction in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We report that B.

Differential requirement for NF-kappaB-inducing kinase in the induction of NF-kappaB by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and Fas.

In this study, we examined the role of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-inducing kinase (NIK) in distinct signaling pathways leading to NF-kappaB activation. We show that a dominant-negative form of NIK (dnNIK) delivered by adenoviral (Ad5dnNIK) vector inhibits Fas-induced IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in HT-29 and HeLa cells. Interleukin (IL)-1beta- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation and kappaB-dependent gene expression are inhibited in HeLa cells but not in Ad5dnNIK-infected HT-29 cells.