Comparative assessment of different ivermectin and doramectin formulations for mange control in grazing steers.

Psoroptic mange causes relevant losses of productivity in cattle. Macrocyclic lactones are one of the main pharmacological tools recommended for controlling it. The aim of the current work was to compare the relationship between the pharmacokinetic behavior and the effectiveness of both ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DRM) following their administration as either the traditional (1 %) or long-acting (3.

Antinematodic effect of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 using Trichinella spiralis as a model of nematode infection in mice.

Nematode infections affect a significant percentage of the human population worldwide, especially in developing countries. There are a small number of drugs available to treat these infections, with variable outcomes. Therefore, the potential use of probiotics to help control parasitic infections has emerged as a suitable option.

Evaluation of the efficacy of polymeric antigen BLSOmp31 formulated in a new cage-like particle adjuvant (ISPA) administered by parenteral or mucosal routes against Brucella ovis in BALB/c mice.

Brucella ovis is an economically important cause of epididymitis in rams worldwide. Polymeric BLSOmp31 was previously identified as a protective immunogen against this pathogen. In this study, BLSOmp31 was formulated with a modified version of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant called ISPA (BLSOmp31/ISPA) and was administered in BALB/C by the subcutaneous and ocular route.

Monepantel pharmaco-therapeutic evaluation in cattle: Pattern of efficacy against multidrug resistant nematodes.

The goal of the current work was to perform an integrated evaluation of monepantel (MNP) pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics, measured as anthelmintic efficacy, after its oral administration to calves naturally infected with GI nematodes resistant to ivermectin (IVM) and ricobendazole (RBZ) on three commercial farms. On each farm, forty-five calves were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 15): MNP oral administration (2.5 mg/kg); IVM subcutaneous (SC) administration (0.

Lipases in Green Chemistry: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as New Green Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) may become important alternatives as versatile, biodegradable, and cost-effective solvents for biocatalysis. Especially for reactions where substrates and products of different polarities are combined, the design of a tailored solvent that may dissolve all compounds-while being enzyme-compatible at the same time-appears to be a strong ally in sustainable chemistry. Herein it is shown that the combination of DES with "water as cosolvent" (in a range from 5% to 20% water, v/v) leads to non-conventional solvents with significantly reduced viscosity.

Field trial assessment of ivermectin pharmacokinetics and efficacy against susceptible and resistant nematode populations in cattle.

The study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviour and anthelmintic efficacy against susceptible and resistant nematodes following subcutaneous (SC) and oral administration of ivermectin (IVM) to cattle. Six commercial farms were involved: Farms 1 and 2 (IVM-susceptible nematode population) and Farms 3, 4, 5 and 6 (IVM-resistant nematode population). On each farm, forty-five calves naturally infected with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 15): untreated control, IVM SC administration, and IVM oral administration (both at 0.

From gene to biorefinery: microbial β-etherases as promising biocatalysts for lignin valorization.

The set-up of biorefineries for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass will be core in the future to reach sustainability targets. In this area, biomass-degrading enzymes are attracting significant research interest for their potential in the production of chemicals and biofuels from renewable feedstock. Glutathione-dependent β-etherases are emerging enzymes for the biocatalytic depolymerization of lignin, a heterogeneous aromatic polymer abundant in nature.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in concentrated seawater.

This communication explores the use of seawater (1X) and concentrated seawater (2X and 4X) as reaction media for the enzyme-catalyzed depolymerization of cellulose. The commercially available Accellerase-1500® - a "cocktail" of different glycosidases - is able to depolymerize several amorphous celluloses and microcrystalline cellulose Avicel® in these reaction media, at slightly lower rates (ca. 90%) than those observed when reactions are performed in pure citrate buffer (control reactions).

Asymmetric reduction of ketones with recombinant E. coli whole cells in neat substrates.

The asymmetric reduction of ketones is performed by using lyophilized whole cells in neat substrates with defined water activity (a(w)). Ketones and alcohols prone to be unstable in aqueous media can now be converted via biocatalysis.

Recent trends in industrial microbiology.

The majority of current biotechnological applications are of microbial origin, and it is widely appreciated that the microbial world contains by far the greatest fraction of biodiversity in the biosphere. Because of their biotech impact, numerous efforts are being undertaken worldwide, with an ultimate goal to deliver new usable substances of microbial origin to the marketplace. However, the direct isolation of microbes always revealed that the majority are not amenable to be cultured and no representatives for many major microbial phyla have been thus far characterized.

Esterification reactions catalyzed by lipases immobilized in organogels: effect of temperature and substrate diffusion.

Rhizomucor miehei lipase was immobilized in hydroxy(propylmethyl) cellulose or agar gels containing lecithin or AOT microemulsions. The effect of the diffusion of substrates and products to this catalyst was studied, as well as the effect of temperature on the initial rate of ester synthesis. The composition of the gel affects the reaction rate due to mass transport phenomena.

Endogenous or exogenous coagulation factor level and the response to activated protein C.

Background: The abnormal response to activated protein C could be the mechanism to explain the prothrombotic role of elevated coagulation factor levels.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of factor VIII, II, or X (FVIII, FII, or FX) levels on activated protein C resistance technique and its association with the resistant phenotype.

Materials And Methods: The correlation between APCR and FVIII was assessed in 36 samples, after Desmopressin infusion and the correlation between FII or FX and APCR in 15 patients with plasma levels between 100-125 U/dl.

Rational strategy for the production of new crude lipases from Candida rugosa.

Candida rugosa was cultured using different inducers (oleic acid, olive oil, sunflower oil, n-dodecanol and glycerol) as the only carbon source in batch conditions, as well as in several fed-batch fermentations (oleic acid as inducer) at variable feed rate conditions. The N-terminal analysis of each crude lipase revealed that, while the isoenzymes Lip2 and Lip3 are always secreted (at different proportions depending on the inducer), Lip1 was produced only using n-dodecanol (batch conditions) or oleic acid (fed-batch at high feed rate). The nature of the inducer controls the isoenzyme percentage; when this is fixed, as well as the feed rate in fed-batch fermentation, the isoenzymatic profile remained unaltered and the samples differed only in the activity of the lipases, as determined by heptyl oleate synthesis.