COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2: A test-negative design study based on Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance in Spain.

Background: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza surveillance systems in Spain were transformed into a new syndromic sentinel surveillance system. The Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance System (SiVIRA in Spanish) is based on a sentinel network for acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance in primary care and a network of sentinel hospitals for severe ARI (SARI) surveillance in hospitals.

Methods: Using a test-negative design and data from SARI admissions notified to SiVIRA between January 1 and October 3, 2021, we estimated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization, by age group, vaccine type, time since vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Absence of IgG antibodies among high-risk contacts of two confirmed cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the autonomous region of Madrid (Spain).

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed tick-borne disease. In Spain, the disease has emerged as outbreak associated with high-risk exposures. Our goal was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against the CCHF virus (CCHFV) in high-risk contacts.

Evolution of the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated in pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in isolates from pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Methods: Invasive pneumococcal disease strains isolated during the period 2007-2018 were studied. The frequency of serotypes from pleural fluid was compared with that observed in other samples.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes with meningeal tropism in cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. Community of Madrid, 2007-2018.

Introduction: To describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between 2007-2018 in the Community of Madrid (CM) and to identify those with higher meningeal tropism.

Methods: Strains isolated from invasive pneumococcal disease were sent to the Regional Laboratory of Public Health by Microbiology laboratories of public and private hospitals of the CM. The frequency of serotypes from CSF was compared with that observed in other samples.

Increase of serotype 8, ST53 clone, as the prevalent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Madrid, Spain (2012-2015).

Introduction: In recent years, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 has become the most prevalent cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Madrid, Spain. The objective of this study was to characterize the invasive clones of S. pneumoniae serotype 8 in Madrid over the 2012-2015 period.

Prevalence of asymptomatic infection and associated risk factors, after an outbreak in the south-western Madrid region, Spain, 2015.

BackgroundA large outbreak of leishmaniasis with 758 cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis cases occurred in 2009 in Fuenlabrada, in the south-west of the Madrid region of Spain.AimWe aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic infection after this outbreak, and its associated risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 804 healthy individuals living in Fuenlabrada who had no history of leishmaniasis, was conducted between January and July 2015.

Impact of the MMR vaccine on the incidence of mumps in the Community of Madrid and evaluation of the effectiveness of the Jeryl-Lynn strain. Years 1998-2016.

Introduction: Mumps is characterised by parotid inflammation and fever and is preventable by vaccination with MMR vaccine. The objective of the study is to assess the impact and effectiveness of the vaccine.

Material And Methods: Cases notified to the Notifiable Disease System between 1998 and 2016 were used for the study.

Effect of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive disease in older adults of 10 European countries: implications for adult vaccination.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to prevent pneumococcal disease through direct and indirect protection. This multicentre European study estimated the indirect effects of 5-year childhood PCV10 and/or PCV13 programmes on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in older adults across 13 sites in 10 European countries, to support decision-making on pneumococcal vaccination policies.

Methods: For each site we calculated IPD incidence rate ratios (IRR) in people aged ≥65 years by serotype for each PCV10/13 year (2011-2015) compared with 2009 (pre-PCV10/13).

Persistence and Variation in Overweight and Obesity Among the Pre-school Population of the Community of Madrid After 2 Years of Follow-up. The ELOIN Cohort.

Introduction And Objectives: The childhood obesity epidemic is a worldwide public health problem which starts at very early ages. The aim of this study was to determine the persistence of and variation in overweight and obesity among a cohort of children followed up from 4 to 6 years of age.

Methods: The data were drawn from the ELOIN (Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study), a population-based cohort in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

Effect of high-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in SpIDnet countries: an observational multicentre study.

Background: The Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Disease network (SpIDnet) actively monitors populations in nine sites in seven European countries for invasive pneumococcal disease. Five sites use 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) alone and four use the ten-valent PCV (PCV10) and PCV13. Vaccination uptake is greater than 90% in six sites and 67-78% in three sites.

[Population study of seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the Community of Madrid, 2008-2009].

Introduction: Seroprevalence surveys enable the level of endemicity of hepatitis A (HAV) to be assessed. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence (SP) antibody against HAV by age group, and compare it with those obtained in previous surveys.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study.

Measles virus genetic evolution throughout an imported epidemic outbreak in a highly vaccinated population.

Measles virus circulates endemically in African and Asian large urban populations, causing outbreaks worldwide in populations with up-to-95% immune protection. We studied the natural genetic variability of genotype B3.1 in a population with 95% vaccine coverage throughout an imported six month measles outbreak.

Unperceived intimate partner violence and women's health.

Objective: Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) often do not perceive themselves as abused. This study sought to estimate the health effects of unperceived IPV (uIPV), taking violence-free women as the reference, and to compare the effects of uIPV with those of perceived IPV (pIPV).

Method: We performed a cross-sectional population study through telephone interviews of 2835 women aged 18 to 70 years living in the region of Madrid and having an ongoing intimate partner relationship or contact with a former partner in the preceding year.

Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection in the general population having blood tests within primary care in Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection in men and women aged 16-80 years, having blood tests within primary care in Madrid, Spain.

Methods: A serosurvey to monitor vaccine-preventable diseases in the general population aged 16-80 years was conducted in 2008-2009. Eligible individuals were those having blood tests.

Clonal spread of levofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates in Madrid, Spain, 2007 to 2009.

Among 1,349 Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates, 45 (3.3%) were levofloxacin resistant. Serotype distribution was as follows: 8 (n=32 isolates), 19A (n=4 isolates), 7F (n=3 isolates), 9V (n=2 isolates), 10A (n=1 isolate), 19F (n=1 isolate), 6B (n=1 isolate), and nontypeable (n=1 isolate).

Direct serogrouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in clinical samples by use of a latex agglutination test.

Pneumotest-Latex (Statens Seruminstitut) was evaluated for direct serogrouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in clinical samples from patients with invasive disease. The technique was accurate to its level of discrimination for 62 of 67 clinical samples (92.5%).

A sampling design for a sentinel general practitioner network.

Objective: To construct a design for probabilistic sampling of reporting physicians in sentinel networks.

Methods: We performed a multi-stage sample selection study. Data on primary care physicians and their patients were obtained from the Madrid Health Institute for 2005.

Seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in Madrid (Spain) in the absence of vaccination.

Objective: to ascertain the seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in the Madrid population prior to the introduction of vaccination.

Study Design: Cross-sectional antibody seroprevalence study.

Population: persons aged 2 to 40 years in Madrid.

Varicella and herpes zoster in Madrid, based on the Sentinel General Practitioner Network: 1997-2004.

Background: Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It is extremely contagious and is frequent in children. Indeed, in the absence of vaccination, a high proportion of the population is liable to contract it.

[Mortality and tuberculosis: analysis of multiple causes in the Community of Madrid (1991-1998)].

Background: Mortality from tuberculosis (TBC) is of characteristics such as to be studied with a multiple cause focus, as this disease is not generally fatal in itself, but is however linked to many deaths. This study is aimed at describing TBC as a cause of death in the Autonomous Community of Madrid throughout the 1991-1998 period.

Method: A descriptive study of deaths in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (1991-1998) entailing TBC as the main cause or as a diagnosis mentioned in the Death Statistics Bulletin (DSB).