An overview of preconcentration techniques combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace element determination in biological studies.

In the last decades, the determination of trace elements in biological materials has emerged as an important area of study because of its relevance to human health and the environment. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has proven to be a powerful tool for trace element analysis, owing to its high sensitivity and ability to determine several elements in a single measurement. However, given the complex nature of biological matrices and the presence of elements, most of them at ultratrace levels, it becomes crucial to complement ICP-MS with preconcentration techniques to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical methods.

Deep eutectic solvents as a green alternative for trace element analysis in food and beverage samples: Recent advances and challenges.

Metals and metalloids have different effects on human health even at trace levels. Some of them are essential for living organisms while others can be toxic. Therefore, the determination of trace elements in food and beverage is highly important to understand their impact in human health.

Elemental Speciation Analysis in Environmental Studies: Latest Trends and Ecological Impact.

Speciation analysis is a key aspect of modern analytical chemistry, as the toxicity, environmental mobility, and bioavailability of elemental analytes are known to depend strongly on an element's chemical species. Henceforth, great efforts have been made in recent years to develop methods that allow not only the determination of elements as a whole, but also each of its separate species. Environmental analytical chemistry has not ignored this trend, and this review aims to summarize the latest methods and techniques developed with this purpose.

Ultra-sensitive Sb speciation analysis in water samples by magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and multivariate optimization.

Efficient separation and preconcentration of inorganic Sb species in different water samples were performed in this work by a novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method based on the application of a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS) detection. The Sb(iii) species was selectively extracted by complexation with ammonium diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) and 45 μL of the MIL trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrachloroferrate ([P6,6,6,14]FeCl4) as extractant. Subsequently, a magnetic rod was applied for phase separation, introducing it directly into the sample solution, and the MIL phase was then diluted in chloroform.