Clinical and paraclinical profile of neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder in a peruvian cohort.

Background: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the Central Nervous System that typically involves the spinal cord and the optic nerves. Recently, the clinical and radiological spectrum of NMOSD has been increasing in Latin America. In Peru, there have only been a few clinical reports on NMOSD published.

Knowledge and Attitudes for the Management of Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia.

The diagnosis of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can be especially challenging and is relatively underdiagnosed. There is scarce information on training and attitudes from care providers facing bvFTD in settings with limited resources. We aim to describe clinical knowledge and attitudes facing bvFTD from neurologists, psychiatrists, and residents in Peru.

Brainstem syndrome at onset is related to an early MS diagnosis in Peru: A national referral center cohort.

Background: MS is unpredictable regarding clinical symptoms; however, certain symptoms represent the preferred localization of white matter lesions such as brainstem, spinal cord; or optic nerve.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging characteristics of MS patients in a national referral center in Peru, and to evaluate whether the type of symptom at onset relates with the time to making an MS diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective study of MS patients at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas between January 2010 and December 2018.

Autoimmune neurology: Co-occurrence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-MOG associated disease, report of a case.

We report the case of a patient with symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-MOG associated disease simultaneously, in whom the identification of antibodies guided to a more aggressive treatment strategy, resulting in a good clinical outcome. MRI is an important tool to diagnose this kind of patients. The co-occurrence of both diseases in infrequent, but atypical symptoms should increase our awareness of the possibility of an overlap syndrome.

Clinical characteristics and plasma exchange response in Guillain-Barré patients.

The objective of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment response and possible associated factors of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome at the National Institute of Neurological Sciences. A descriptive study on hospital discharges was conducted during the period 2017-2019. Treatment response was evaluated based on Hughes' disability scale.

Dissecting the role of Amerindian genetic ancestry and the ApoE ε4 allele on Alzheimer disease in an admixed Peruvian population.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly and occurs in all ethnic and racial groups. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 is the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset AD and shows the strongest effect among East Asian populations followed by non-Hispanic white populations and has a relatively lower effect in African descent populations. Admixture analysis in the African American and Puerto Rican populations showed that the variation in ε4 risk is correlated with the genetic ancestral background local to the ApoE gene.

Neuromyelitis optica in patients with myasthenia gravis: Two case-reports.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are disorders that affect the central nervous system and the neuromuscular junction respectively. Although both conditions are rare, reports of the coexistence of these two pathologies are increasing worldwide. Rarely, patients with MG develop aggressive forms of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) after thymectomy.

[Autoimmune encephalitis mediated by antibodies against the N-Nethyl-N-Aspartate receptor: report of four cases in Peru].

Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) is a disorder mediated by antibodies against neural surface antigens, whose early diagnosis and timely treatment improve the prognosis of the disease. Four cases with the definitive diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis by anti-NMDAR are presented, treated at the National Institute of Neurological Sciences in Lima-Peru. All patients had epileptic seizures and three cases developed a refractory epileptic state.

Susac syndrome: the first case report in Peru.

Susac Syndrome is a rare entity, characterized by a triad of subacute encephalopathy, retinal artery occlusion and sensorineural hearing loss. It is more common in women and the age of onset fluctuates between 9-58 years of age. The pathogenesis is presented as microangiopathic changes at the cerebral, retinal and cochlear levels associated with an autoimmune mechanism.