Moderation analysis of exchange rate, tourism and economic growth in Asia.

This study brings novelty to the tourism literature by re-examining the role of exchange rate in the tourism-growth nexus. It differs from previous tourism-led growth narrative to probe whether tourism exerts a positive effect on economic growth when the exchange rate is accounted for. Using a moderation modelling framework, instrumental variables general method of moments (IV-GMM) and quantile regression techniques in addition to real per capita GDP, tourism receipts and exchange rate, the study engages data on 44 Asian countries from 2010 to 2019.

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan.

This study explores the asymmetric effects of both aggregate and disaggregate forms of energy consumption along with economic growth on environmental quality for Pakistan covering the period from 1971 to 2014. We have employed unit root test with breaks for stationary checks, BDS test for nonlinearity check and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach for assessing the asymmetric co-integrating relationships among the variables by decomposing them into positive and negative shocks. The empirical findings for aggregate consumption reveal that only negative shocks have a significant impact on ecological footprint.

Environmental quality and output volatility: the case of South Asian economies.

This study explores the impact of environmental degradation on output volatility for eight South Asian economies over the time span 1971-2017. Environmental degradation is measured by CO emissions, nitrous oxide (NO), methane emissions (CH), greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and environmental pollutants index (EPI), whereas output volatility is constructed using a rolling window of five-year moving standard deviation. The results of cross-sectional dependence (CSD) tests indicate the presence of CSD among South Asian economies.