Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Children with Myelomeningocele: A Case Series.

Hydrocephalus develops in up to 80-90% of children with myelomeningocele (MM) after closure of the defect. Traditionally, ventriculoperitoneal shunts have been used to manage hydrocephalus in these patients. A role for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in MM has provoked much debate, principally due to anatomical variants described, which may complicate the procedure.