Serious illness care Programme UK: assessing the 'face validity', applicability and relevance of the serious illness conversation guide for use within the UK health care setting.

Background: When doctors have honest conversations with patients about their illness and involve them in decisions about their care, patients express greater satisfaction with care and lowered anxiety and depression. The Serious Illness Care Programme (the Programme), originally developed in the United States (U.S), promotes meaningful, realistic and focused conversations about patient's wishes, fears and worries for the future with their illness.

MDM2 interacts with NME2 (non-metastatic cells 2, protein) and suppresses the ability of NME2 to negatively regulate cell motility.

MDM2 expression, combined with increased p53 expression, is associated with reduced survival in several cancers, but is particularly of interest in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) where evidence suggests the presence of tissue-specific p53/MDM2 pathway defects. We set out to identify MDM2-interacting proteins in renal cells that could act as mediators/targets of MDM2 oncogenic effects in renal cancers. We identified the non-metastatic cells 2, protein; NME2 (NDPK-B, NM23-B/-H2), a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as an MDM2-interacting protein using both a proteomic-based strategy [affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry [MS/MS] from HEK293 cells] and a yeast two-hybrid screen of a renal carcinoma cell-derived complementary DNA library.

p53 and MDM2 in renal cell carcinoma: biomarkers for disease progression and future therapeutic targets?

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and follows an unpredictable disease course. To improve prognostication, a better understanding of critical genes associated with disease progression is required. The objective of this review was to focus attention on 2 such genes, p53 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and to provide a comprehensive summary and critical analysis of the literature regarding these genes in RCC.

The two homologous chaperonin 60 proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have distinct effects on monocyte differentiation into osteoclasts.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces two homologous chaperonin (Cpn)60 proteins, Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2 (Hsp65).

MDM2 regulates dihydrofolate reductase activity through monoubiquitination.

MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase that is best known for its essential function in the negative regulation of p53. In addition, MDM2 expression is associated with tumor progression in a number of common cancers, and in some cases, this has been shown to be independent of p53 status. MDM2 has been shown to promote the degradation of a number of other proteins involved in the regulation of normal cell growth and proliferation, including MDM4 and RB1.

The current state of NIH funding of research in diagnostic radiology at U.S. medical schools.

The research grant awards data for 2003 published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were analyzed to obtain a snapshot of the current state of diagnostic radiology research in US medical schools. By considering awards to diagnostic radiology departments only, the authors show that NIH departmental rankings that combine diagnostic and therapeutic radiology departments together are deceptive for researchers interested primarily in diagnostic radiology. For each diagnostic radiology grant analyzed, the authors examined the source of funding, the primary modality involved in the research, the activity classification of the grant, and the degree of the associated principal investigator.

Delayed blood reoxygenation following maximum voluntary contraction.

Purposes: To characterize the total hemoglobin concentration ([THb]) and oxyhemoglobin saturation (%HbO2) time courses after brief dorsiflexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and to determine whether these responses varied by gender.

Methods: Eighteen healthy, moderately physically active subjects (nine male) lay supine and performed two or more 3-s dorsiflexion MVC. [THb] and %HbO2 were measured continuously in the tibialis anterior muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Distinct mechanisms regulate expression of the two major groEL homologues in Rhizobium leguminosarum.

We investigated the regulation of the two of the three groE operons (cpn.1 and cpn.2) of the root-nodulating bacterium R.

Comparative cell signalling activity of ultrapure recombinant chaperonin 60 proteins from prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Heat-shock protein (hsp)60/chaperonin 60 is a potent immunogen which has recently been claimed to have cell-signalling actions upon myeloid and vascular endothelial cells. The literature is controversial with different chaperonin 60 proteins producing different patterns of cellular activation and the ever-present criticism that activity is the result of bacterial contaminants. To clarify the situation we have cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity the chaperonin 60 proteins from Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori and the human mitochondrion.

Chaperonin 60 unfolds its secrets of cellular communication.

The cell biology of the chaperonins (Cpns) has been intensively studied over the past 25 years. These ubiquitous and essential molecules assist proteins to fold into their native state and function to protect proteins from denaturation after stress. The structure of the most widely studied Cpn60, Escherichia coli GroEL, has been solved and its mechanism of protein folding action largely established.

Cloning, expression and purification of three Chaperonin 60 homologues.

The Chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) proteins have, in addition to their well-known functions of protein folding and protection, a range of intercellular signalling activities. As part of a study to investigate the biological activity of the Cpn60 proteins, particularly from pathogenic organisms, we have cloned and expressed three Cpn60 proteins from Homo sapiens, Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae. The Cpn60 proteins were purified to apparent homogeneity using a combination of nickel column affinity chromatography and Reactive Red dye affinity columns.