Disclosing azole resistance mechanisms in resistant Candida glabrata strains encoding wild-type or gain-of-function CgPDR1 alleles through comparative genomics and transcriptomics.

The pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata is intrinsically resilient to azoles and rapidly acquires resistance to these antifungals, in vitro and in vivo. In most cases azole-resistant C. glabrata clinical strains encode hyperactive CgPdr1 variants, however, resistant strains encoding wild-type CgPDR1 alleles have also been isolated, although remaining to be disclosed the underlying resistance mechanism.

24-Month Clinical Performance of a Universal Adhesive on Non-Carious Cervical Lesions: Self-Etch and Etch-and-Rinse Techniques.

Purpose: To evaluate the 24-month clinical performance of Adhese Universal (ADH) (Ivoclar Vivadent) using two different application modes (etch-and-rinse vs self-etch) when restoring non-carious cervical lesions.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six patients participated in this study. A total of 117 non-carious cervical lesion restorations (N = 117) were assigned to two groups: 1) ADH in the etch-and-rinse mode (n = 59) and 2) ADH in the self-etch mode (n = 58).

Study of the activity of Punica granatum-mediated silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, alone or in combination with azoles or polyenes.

The continuous emergence of Candida strains resistant to currently used antifungals demands the development of new alternatives that could reduce the burden of candidiasis. In this work silver nanoparticles synthesized using a green route are efficiently used, alone or in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B or nystatine, to inhibit growth of C. albicans and C.

Continence App: Construction and validation of a mobile application for postnatal urinary incontinence prevention.

Objective: Describing the Continence App development as an educational technology to promote adherence to pelvic floor muscle training and prevent urinary incontinence in postpartum women.

Study Design: Study of technological production carried out in two stages: construction and validation. The first happened in four steps: modeling, navigation project, abstract design of the interface and implementation.

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses unveil novel features of azole resistance and adaptation to the human host in Candida glabrata.

The frequent emergence of azole resistance among Candida glabrata strains contributes to increase the incidence of infections caused by this species. Whole-genome sequencing of a fluconazole and voriconazole-resistant clinical isolate (FFUL887) and subsequent comparison with the genome of the susceptible strain CBS138 revealed prominent differences in several genes documented to promote azole resistance in C. glabrata.

Mechanistic Insights Underlying Tolerance to Acetic Acid Stress in Vaginal Candida glabrata Clinical Isolates.

During colonization of the vaginal tract cells are challenged with the presence of acetic acid at a low pH, specially when dysbiosis occurs. To avoid exclusion from this niche cells are expected to evolve efficient adaptive responses to cope with this stress; however, these responses remain largely uncharacterized, especially in vaginal strains. In this work a cohort of 18 vaginal strains and 2 laboratory strains (CBS138 and KUE100) were phenotyped for their tolerance against inhibitory concentrations of acetic acid at pH 4.

Permeation of intrinsic water into ethanol- and water-saturated, monomer-infiltrated dentin bond interfaces.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of dentin bonding interfaces using the water-wet and the ethanol-wet techniques under simulated pulpal pressure, and to assess the effect of adhesive solvent and thermomechanical loading.

Methods: Flat dentin surfaces were restored under 20mm-simulated pulpal pressure following two bonding approaches (water-wet and ethanol-wet bonding) in combination with dental adhesives containing ethanol (Single Bond Plus and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose) or acetone (One-Step Plus and All-Bond 2) as solvent. Half of the restorations of each subgroup were subjected to thermocycling followed by cyclic loading (three teeth per group).

Antioxidant and antimycotic activities of two native lavandula species from portugal.

The antioxidant and antimycotic activities of the essential oils and extracts of two native Portuguese Lavandula species, L. stoechas subsp. luisieri and L.

Effect of Denture-Related Stomatitis Fluconazole Treatment on Oral Candida albicans Susceptibility Profile and Genotypic Variability.

Denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is the most common condition affecting removable-denture wearers, and Candida albicans the most frequent pathogenic agent. Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated but recurrences are frequent. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral load, fluconazole susceptibility profile and genotypic variability of oral C.

HIV-2 interaction with cell coreceptors: amino acids within the V1/V2 region of viral envelope are determinant for CCR8, CCR5 and CXCR4 usage.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) use cellular receptors in distinct ways. Besides a more promiscuous usage of coreceptors by HIV-2 and a more frequent detection of CD4-independent HIV-2 isolates, we have previously identified two HIV-2 isolates (HIV-2MIC97 and HIV-2MJC97) that do not use the two major HIV coreceptors: CCR5 and CXCR4. All these features suggest that in HIV-2 the Env glycoprotein subunits may have a different structural organization enabling distinct - although probably less efficient - interactions with cellular receptors.

Between seas and continents: aspects of the scientific career of Hermann von Ihering, 1850-1930.

This paper covers some periods in Hermann von Ihering's scientific trajectory: his training in zoology in Germany and Naples, his international activities based in Brazil, and his return to Germany. It deals with aspects of the formulation of his theories on land bridges. It focuses on the network of contacts he maintained with German émigrés like himself, and primarily with Florentino Ameghino, which allowed him to interact in international scientific circles.

Ultramicroscopic study of the interface and sealing ability of four root canal obturation methods: Resilon versus gutta-percha.

Recently, filling materials have been introduced based on the dentine adhesion technologies used in conservative dentistry in an attempt to seal the root canal more effectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interface between the canal and root-filling material. Sealing ability of four root canal obturation methods was analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy.

[Prominence in the media, renown in the sciences: the construction of a paradigmatic feminist and a scientist at Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional].

Bertha Lutz was one of the women of her generation who enjoyed indisputable political and scientific authority. She wrote much and even more was written about her, especially during her day. The newspaper chronicles by Lima Barreto, countless letters, scientific papers, and unpublished texts by Bertha herself that are surveyed in this article indicate how much her feminism--inseparable from other dimensions of her life--fostered her professional career.

['Scenes from deep times': bones, travels, and memories in the cultures of nature in Brazil].

This article examines the different roles played by field and non-field naturalists in constructing cultures of nature and in the dispute to construct scientific careers in the nineteenth century. Based on the concept of "threshold experience," it looks at little-explored aspects of Peter Wilhelm Lund's paleontological work (1801-1880) [corrected] in Brazil and its international impact.

In vitro bonding performance of self-etch adhesives: II--ultramorphological evaluation.

Objective: To study the interfacial ultra-morphology formed by "all-in-one" self-etch adhesives.

Methods: Forty-nine extracted molars were assigned to one of five all-in-one adhesives: Adper Prompt L-Pop (AP, 3M ESPE); Clearfil S3 Bond (S3, Kuraray); G-Bond (GB, GC America); iBond (iB, Heraeus Kulzer) and Xeno IV (XE, Dentsply Caulk). Adper Single Bond Plus (SB, 3M ESPE), a two-step etch&rinse adhesive, and Clearfil SE Bond (SE, Kuraray), a two-step self-etch adhesive, were used as controls.

Interfacial adaptation of adhesive materials to root canal dentin.

Extracted single-rooted maxillary teeth were endodontically treated and filled with gutta-percha/AH-26 (GP), Resilon points/RealSeal (RS), AdheSE DC/Multicore Flow (ADH, self-etch control), or Excite DSC/Multicore Flow (EXC, total-etch control). Specimens were analyzed with electron microscopy using three methods: (a) field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the interface; (b) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the interface; and (c) FESEM of the material fitting surface. The three adhesive materials (RS, ADH, and EXC) formed a dentin hybrid layer, which nonetheless resulted in interfacial separation.

[The sciences and education in museums at the close of the nineteenth century].

In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, natural history museums established solid communication networks, and their different audiences formed what became known as the 'museum movement'. It was within this context of exchange that William H. Flower made his 1889 speech on the roles natural history museums should play.

Influence of conditioning time on enamel adhesion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to calculate enamel bond strengths of 4 self-etch adhesives in function of conditioning time.

Methods And Materials: Sixty proximal surfaces of 30 extracted human molars were roughened and assigned to 4 self-etch adhesives: AdheSE (Ivoclar Vivadent), Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M Espe), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray America), and Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus (Bisco). Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply) was used as the total-etch control.

Value of morphotyping for the characterization of Candida albicans clinical isolates.

Until recently, morphotyping, a method evaluating fringe and surface characteristics of streak colonies grown on malt agar, has been recommended as a simple and unexpensive typing method for Candida albicans isolates. The discriminatory power and reproducibility of Hunter's modified scheme of Phongpaichit's morphotyping has been evaluated on 28 C. albicans isolates recovered from the oral cavity of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects, and compared to two molecular typing methods: randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, and contour clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoretic karyotyping.

Advances in dentin adhesion.

While bonding to enamel has been a dependable technique, bonding to dentin is still an overwhelming task--dentin is a naturally soaked organic tissue. The enamel bonding agents of the 1960s and 1970s progressively evolved into complex multibottle or universal adhesives in the early 1990s. These multibottle systems were formulated to bond to enamel, dentin, composite, amalgam, porcelain, and nonprecious metal.

Morphological study of resin-dentin bonding with TEM and in-lens FESEM.

Purpose: To evaluate the morphological characteristics of the dentin-resin interface using high-magnification electron microscopy and correlate the TEM findings of resin-dentin interfaces with the corresponding in-lens Field Emission SEM (FEISEM) observation.

Methods: Twelve 800 microm-thick dentin disks were obtained from middle dentin and assigned to four groups: (1) a self-etching adhesive material, Clearfil SE Bond; (2) a solvent-free total-etch simplified adhesive, One Coat Bond; (3) an acetone-based total-etch simplified adhesive, Prime&Bond NT; (4) an acetone-based total-etch simplified adhesive, Prime&Bond NT, upon a short dentin deproteinization with 10% NaOCl gel (AD Gel) for 15 seconds. Disks were restored with a 1 mm thick layer of a low-viscosity composite.