Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The Cognitive Reserve hypothesis suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to cope with the pathologic changes in Alzheimer's Disease. The proportion of elderly individuals has increased in recent years; this increase emphasizes the importance of early detection of mild cognitive impairment and the promotion of healthy ageing. The purpose of our study is to characterize cognitive reserve and occupational performance implications in people with mild cognitive impairment.

Plasma Fatty Acids and Quantitative Ultrasound, DXA and pQCT Derived Parameters in Postmenopausal Spanish Women.

Different factors may contribute to the development of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Fatty acids are key nutrients for health, and a number of studies have reported an association between bone mineral density (BMD) and fatty acid intake. We aimed to investigate the relationships between serum levels of different fatty acids and bone parameters determined by quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a sample of Spanish postmenopausal women.

Long-Term Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions in the School Setting and Their Effects on BMI in Children Aged 6-12 Years: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

Preventive actions and potential obesity interventions for children are mainly researched throughout the school period, either as part of the school curricula or after regular school hours, via interventions mostly lasting less than 12 months. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis on randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the evidence of the efficacy of long-term school-based interventions in the management of childhood obesity in terms of BMI from a dietary and physical activity-based approach. Eleven randomized controlled clinical trials were examined using the random effects model, and the results showed that there were no significant effects associated with physical activity + nutrition intervention in school children aged 6-12 years, with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) of -0.

Increased bone mineral density is associated with breastfeeding history in premenopausal Spanish women.

Introduction: During lactation abundant calcium is lost from the mother as a result of the amount of breast milk produced. Lactation leads to transient fragility, with some women experiencing even fragility fractures, but nearly all of these women subsequently undergo a large increase in bone mineral density (BMD), confirming that the BMD must have declined during lactation but it increases after weaning. We have retrospectively examined the relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and bone properties in Spanish premenopausal healthy women, to identify the site-specific changes in BMD.

Bone mass of Spanish school children: impact of anthropometric, dietary and body composition factors.

The purpose of this study was to: (a) determine the relationship between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) results and anthropometric, dietary and body composition factors and establish reference ranges for amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) in the phalanges and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the calcaneus of children from Extremadura, Spain, and (b) to present reference curves for this population. Healthy children (n = 245), aged 4-16 years, were included (124 girls and 121 boys). Phalangeal and calcaneal QUS measurements were performed using DBM Sonic Bone Profiler and McCue CUBA Clinical ultrasound devices, respectively.

Ultrasound bone mass in patients undergoing chronic therapy with oral anticoagulants.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of chronic oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment on bone mass using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques. A total of 120 patients (47 women and 73 men) undergoing treatment with OAC and 57 healthy subjects (27 women and 30 men) participated in this study. Bone status was assessed using QUS devices that measure the amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) in phalanges and the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the calcaneus.

Reference curve of bone ultrasound measurements in proximal phalanges in normal Spanish women.

There are clear discrepancies in how the different measurements of phalangeal bone ultrasound, such as the amplitude-dependent speed of bone ultrasound (Ad-SoS), correlate with age, given their dependence on gonadal status and other anthropometric variables. In order to contribute to clarifying these discrepancies, we evaluated the phalangeal Ad-SoS in healthy women-295 postmenopausal, 59 perimenopausal, and 270 premenopausal. Phalanges (II-V) of the nondominant hand were measured and the mean Ad-SoS was computed.