Nutritional Genomics: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older individuals, driven by a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. Nutritional genomics, which studies gene-nutrient interactions, has emerged as a promising field for AMD prevention and management. Genetic predispositions, such as variants in , , , , and oxidative stress pathways, significantly affect the risk and progression of AMD.

Unveiling Statins and Genetics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Coimbra Eye Study-Report 9.

Purpose: To assess the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression and statins, connected with AMD genetic risk, and if there is an interplay between statins and genetics.

Methods: In this analysis, 682 subjects made two visits (6.5-year follow-up) of the Coimbra Eye Study.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Extramacular Drusen: Genetic Associations in the Coimbra Eye Study.

Purpose: To explore the association between the genetics of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and extramacular drusen (EMD) in patients with and without AMD.

Methods: We included 1753 eyes (912 subjects) with phenotypic characterization regarding AMD and EMD. Genetic sequencing and the genetic risk score (GRS) for AMD were performed according to the EYE-RISK consortium methodology.

Uveal melanoma incidence and survival analysis in Portugal between 2013 and 2022.

Purpose: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of uveal melanoma (UM) in the Portuguese population, evaluated at the National Reference Centre (NRC).

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted, involving patients consecutively diagnosed with UM at the Portuguese NRC between July 2013 and December 2022. The study collected data on demographic and tumour characteristics, clinical staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), treatment approaches, local disease control, patient survival, and the occurrence of distant metastases.

Interaction between genetics and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet: the risk for age-related macular degeneration. Coimbra Eye Study Report 8.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial degenerative disease of the macula. Different factors, environmental, genetic and lifestyle, contribute to its onset and progression. However, how they interconnect to promote the disease, or its progression, is still unclear.

Common and rare genetic risk variants in age-related macular degeneration and genetic risk score in the Coimbra eye study.

Purpose: To determine the contribution of common and rare genetic variants in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Portuguese population from the Coimbra Eye Study (CES), and the genetic risk score (GRS).

Methods: Participants underwent ophthalmologic examination and imaging. A centralized reading centre performed AMD staging.

Phenotypic Expression of CFH Rare Variants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients in the Coimbra Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the association between rare genetic variants in complement factor H (CFH) and phenotypic features in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients from the Coimbra Eye Study (CES).

Methods: AMD patients from the Incidence CES (NCT02748824) underwent ophthalmologic examination and color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence, and near-infrared imaging. Multimodal phenotypic characterization was carried out in a centralized reading center.

Retinal layer thicknesses and neurodegeneration in early age-related macular degeneration: insights from the Coimbra Eye Study.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the retinal layers and choroidal thickness in a large set of eyes with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in order to detect differences by stage suggestive of early neurodegeneration, and to explore biomarkers of different phenotypes.

Methods: This study is a population-based, cross-sectional study. Patients from the incidence AMD study (NCT02748824) with early AMD (Rotterdam 2a, 2b, 3) were included.

Non-exudative macular neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Purpose: To characterize morphological changes in the retina and to report the frequency and natural history of non-exudative macular neovascularization (MNV) in a cohort of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).

Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was complemented by a cross-sectional examination. Consecutive patients with a definitive genetic and/or clinical diagnosis of PXE, visiting our department between January 2019 and December 2019, and with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were recruited.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Staging by Color Fundus Photography vs. Multimodal Imaging-Epidemiological Implications ().

Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is based on staging systems relying on color fundus photography (CFP). We aim to compare AMD staging using CFP to multimodal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), infra-red (IR), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), in a large cohort from the Epidemiologic AMD Coimbra Eye Study. All imaging exams from the participants of this population-based study were classified by a central reading center.

Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Central Region of Portugal: The Coimbra Eye Study - Report 5.

Purpose: To describe the 6.5-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a coastal town of central Portugal.

Methods: Population-based cohort study.

Urine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Metabolomics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Biofluid biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are still lacking, and their identification is challenging. Metabolomics is well-suited to address this need, and urine is a valuable accessible biofluid. This study aimed to characterize the urinary metabolomic signatures of patients with different stages of AMD and a control group (>50 years).

The Decreasing Prevalence of Nonrefractive Visual Impairment in Older Europeans: A Meta-analysis of Published and Unpublished Data.

Topic: To estimate the prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment and blindness in European persons 55 years of age and older.

Clinical Relevance: Few visual impairment and blindness prevalence estimates are available for the European population. In addition, many of the data collected in European population-based studies currently are unpublished and have not been included in previous estimates.

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and its association with age-related macular degeneration. The Coimbra Eye Study-Report 4.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the association of lifestyle and nutritional risk profiles with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in two subpopulations with differing AMD prevalence.

Methods: This case-control study (n = 1992) included 768 patients with AMD and 1224 age- and sex-matched participants without AMD with a single visit at a primary health care unit. Enrolled participants completed a validated lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire.

Multimodal Evaluation of the Fellow Eye of Patients with Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation.

Introduction: We conducted a multimodal, cross-sectional evaluation.

Methods: Eyes were divided into 4 study groups: controls, early/intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), fellow eyes of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), and RAP eyes. Patients were evaluated with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging-OCT, and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Automated Brightness and Contrast Adjustment of Color Fundus Photographs for the Grading of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm to automatically standardize the brightness, contrast, and color balance of digital color fundus photographs used to grade AMD and to validate this algorithm by determining the effects of the standardization on image quality and disease grading.

Methods: Seven-field color photographs of patients (>50 years) with any stage of AMD and a control group were acquired at two study sites, with either the Topcon TRC-50DX or Zeiss FF-450 Plus cameras. Field 2 photographs were analyzed.

Changes in reticular pseudodrusen area in eyes that progressed from early to late age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study utilized 3 imaging modalities to analyze quantitatively reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) area changes in eyes that progressed from early to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Subjects with AMD, unilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and early AMD with RPD in the fellow eye (the study eye) were included. The study eyes underwent indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), near-infrared reflectance (NIR-R), and short-wavelength autofluorescence (AF) imaging of the macula at baseline and at follow-up.

Anterior Chamber Epithelial Cyst After Uneventful Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report the case of an anterior chamber epithelial cyst after uncomplicated deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) treated with a tissue-sparing surgical technique.

Methods: A 35-year-old female patient underwent DALK in her OS because of stage IV keratoconus. The surgery was uneventful, and 3 months postoperatively, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/25.

Efficacy and safety of postvitrectomy intravitreal triamcinolone therapy for diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: After vitrectomy, diffusion and clearance rates of numerous drugs are increased, leading to a shorter intravitreal half-life. This raises doubts about the efficacy of intravitreal therapies, as retina specialists generally believe that a shorter half-life compromises the drugs' therapeutic effect. We conducted a study to evaluate the functional and anatomical effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide therapy (IVTA) in previously vitrectomized eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Sequential Morphological Changes in the CNV Net after Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Evaluated with OCT Angiography.

Purpose: To assess and describe sequential morphological changes in the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) net using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing treatment with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Methods: Prospective cohort study. OCTA was performed sequentially: before (t0), 1 h (t1), 1 week (t2) and 1 month after the injection (t3), using Avanti RTVue XR equipped with the AngioVue® software (Optovue, Calif.

Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion with Ranibizumab in Clinical Practice: Longer-Term Results and Predictive Factors of Functional Outcome.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term results and predictors of efficacy in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab in a clinical practice setting.

Methods: The clinical records of patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 years were retrospectively analyzed. Sixteen eyes with branch RVO (BRVO) and 16 with central RVO (CRVO) were included.

RETINAL ANGIOMATOUS PROLIFERATION: A Quantitative Analysis of the Fundoscopic Features of the Fellow Eye.

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze and compare the fundoscopic features between fellow eyes of retinal angiomatous proliferation and typical exudative age-related macular degeneration and to identify possible predictors of neovascularization.

Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Seventy-nine fellow eyes of unilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation (n = 40) and typical exudative age-related macular degeneration (n = 39) were included.

Ocular Risk Factors for Exudative AMD: A Novel Semiautomated Grading System.

Purpose. To evaluate the contribution of the ocular risk factors in the conversion of the fellow eye of patients with unilateral exudative AMD, using a novel semiautomated grading system. Materials and Methods.