Publications by authors named "Maria Luisa Navarro-Gomez"

Article Synopsis
  • Klebsiella michiganensis is an emerging hospital pathogen that often carries antibiotic-resistance genes, including those for carbapenemases, prompting a redefined outbreak alert in a Spanish pediatric ward.
  • The study analyzed 31 isolates of K. oxytoca with a focus on VIM-carbapenemase, using whole-genome sequencing to establish genetic relationships and identify resistance genes.
  • The results confirmed an outbreak involving 18 cases across three wards, revealing complex interconnections and potential hidden reservoirs for the infection, underscoring the importance of genomic analysis in outbreak management.
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Background: One of the main drawbacks of tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) is catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) can be combined with systemic antibiotics to achieve catheter salvage. Our objectives are to describe cases of CRBSI and our experience with ALT in a pediatric oncology-hematology ward.

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Introduction: The frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Latin America has decreased considerably. However, new infections continue to be recorded, and the pediatric population remains one of the most vulnerable groups in this region. The main objective of the study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and psychosocial characteristics of new diagnoses of HIV MTCT in 2018 in the PLANTAIDS network (Paediatric Network for Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of HIV in Children) during the 3 years following diagnosis.

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The number of people with immunosuppression is increasing considerably due to their greater survival and the use of new immunosuppressive treatments for various chronic diseases. This is a heterogeneous group of patients in whom vaccination as a preventive measure is one of the basic pillars of their wellbeing, given their increased risk of contracting infections. This consensus, developed jointly by the Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases) and the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Asociación Española de Pediatría (Spanish Association of Paediatrics), provides guidelines for the development of a personalised vaccination schedule for patients in special situations, including general recommendations and specific recommendations for vaccination of bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients, children with inborn errors of immunity, oncologic patients, patients with chronic or systemic diseases and immunosuppressed travellers.

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Background: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at a high risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI). Universal penicillin prophylaxis and vaccination, especially against Streptococcus pneumoniae, have deeply changed its epidemiology. Analysis of IBI in children with SCD in a post-13-valent pneumococcal vaccine era is limited.

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Background: It is known that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy cross the placenta but the duration and the protective effect of these antibodies in infants is scarce.

Methods: This prospective study included mothers with SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy and their infants from April 2020 to March 2021. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed on women and infants at birth and at two and six months during follow-up.

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Article Synopsis
  • The text discusses the application of monoclonal antibodies in treating a young patient with severe combined immunodeficiency who had a persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • This treatment was crucial as the patient needed an urgent stem cell transplant to address his underlying health condition.
  • Monoclonal antibodies were used to help manage the viral infection while preparing the patient for the transplant procedure.
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Article Synopsis
  • - The CAV-AEP has updated its annual vaccine guidelines for children, adolescents, and pregnant women in Spain, maintaining the 2+1 vaccination schedule for infants and emphasizing the need for a booster at age 6.
  • - Pregnant women are advised to receive a dose of dTap during each pregnancy, ideally between weeks 27 and 32, while infants should get vaccines for rotavirus, influenza, and MenACWY, among others.
  • - New recommendations include routine nirsevimab administration for infants to protect against RSV and HPV vaccination for all adolescents at age 12; updates for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be posted regularly on the CAV-AEP website.
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Introduction: The aim of the study was twofold: a) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and sleep disturbances in young patients with vertically-transmitted HIV infection compared to uninfected peers, and b) to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial and medication-related variables and other clinical risk and protective factors related to psychological symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two groups with independent measures (36 youth with vertically transmitted HIV infection and 39 HIV-negative peers). We used 3 standardised assessment tools and a sociodemographic/psychosocial questionnaire (STAI, BDI, PSQI and adapted sociodemographic test).

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Background: Important prevention efforts have led to a reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) globally. However, new cases of paediatric HIV infections still occur. Early diagnosis of new HIV infections is essential to start an appropriate antiretroviral treatment to avoid childhood morbidity and mortality related to infection.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study involving 13 hospitals in Spain examined the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to newborns and included data from 177 infants exposed during pregnancy.
  • Results showed 5.1% of the newborns tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with 1.7% of cases attributed to intrauterine transmission and 3.4% to transmission during delivery or shortly after birth.
  • Most infected newborns were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms, and maternal factors did not significantly affect the risk of transmission, despite the presence of the virus in urine and meconium samples.
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After reviewing the best available scientific information, CAV-AEP publishes their new recommendations to protect pregnant women, children and adolescents living in Spain through vaccination. The same recommendations as the previous year regarding hexavalent vaccines, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine of 13 serotypes, booster with tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis (Tdpa-IPV) at 6 years and with tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdpa) at 12-14 years and pregnant women from week 27 (from week 20 if there is a high risk of preterm delivery). Also with rotavirus, tetraantigenic meningococcal B (2+1), meningococcal quadrivalent (MenACWY), MMR, varicella and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, for both genders.

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Severe bacterial infections (SBI) have become less frequent in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the last decades. However, because of their potential risk of SBI, they usually receive empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics when they develop fever and are hospitalized in many cases. We performed a prospective study including 79 SCD patients with fever [median age 4.

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Background: Early combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) in perinatally acquired HIV-1 children has been associated with a rapid viral suppression, small HIV-1 reservoir size and reduced mortality and morbidity. Immunometabolism has emerged as an important field in HIV-1 infection offering both relevant knowledge regarding immunopathogenesis and potential targets for therapies against HIV-1.

Objectives: To characterize the proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic profile of HIV-1-infected children depending on their age at cART initiation.

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Background: Etiological diagnosis of fever in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is often challenging. The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of inflammatory biomarkers in SCD febrile children and controls, in order to determine predictors of severe bacterial infection (SBI).

Methods: A prospective, case-control study was carried out during 3 years, including patients younger than 18 years with SCD and fever (cases) and asymptomatic steady-state SCD children (controls).

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Article Synopsis
  • - COVID-19 generally causes less severe illness in children, but during the pandemic, an increase in cases resembling Kawasaki disease (KD) was observed, prompting many hospital admissions to pediatric intensive care units (PICU).
  • - A study analyzed KD patients in Spain from January 2018 to May 2020, comparing those who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative during the COVID-19 period with cases from the same months in prior years.
  • - Key findings revealed that CoV+ patients were older, had different clinical presentations (like incomplete KD), and showed higher inflammation levels compared to PreCoV patients, while also possibly aligning with the criteria for a new condition called pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome.
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The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children and adolescent resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate.A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks.

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Introduction: The aim of the study was twofold: (i)to determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and sleep disturbances in young patients with vertically-transmitted HIV infection compared to uninfected peers, and (ii)to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial and medication-related variables and other clinical risk and protective factors related to psychological symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two groups with independent measures (36 youth with vertically transmitted HIV infection and 39 HIV-negative peers). We used three standardised assessment tools and a sociodemographic/psychosocial questionnaire (STAI, BDI, PSQI and adapted sociodemographic test).

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Background: Maternal HIV coinfection is a key factor for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HCV. However, data about HCV MTCT in HIV/HCV-coinfected pregnant women on combined antiretroviral treatment (ART) are scarce. This study assessed the HCV MTCT rate in the Madrid Cohort of HIV-infected women.

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Background: Assessing the role of HIV and non-HIV related factors is essential for a better understanding of the neurocognitive outcomes in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) young people. The aim of our study was to assess cognition and quality of life (QoL) of a PHIV+ cohort of young people and to compare it with a control group.

Methods: Thirty PHIV+ and 30 HIV(-) healthy young adults matched by age, sex and socioeconomic status completed a protocol that included neurocognitive tests, a psychosocial semi-structured interview and a QoL questionnaire (PedsQL).

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The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate. A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks.

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Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limited systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting mainly children less than 5 years of age. Risk factors for cardiac involvement and resistance to treatment are insufficiently studied in non-Japanese children.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for resistance to treatment and coronary artery lesions (CAL) in KD in Spain.

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Introduction: Invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGASD) is a serious infection in children. Several studies have shown an increased incidence in the past years.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and outcome of iGASD in children, and to determine changes in incidence or severity.

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Introduction: The rate of bacterial infections in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) has decreased in recent years, mainly due to penicillin prophylaxis and vaccination.

Objectives: To determine the rate of severe bacterial infection (SBI) in a cohort of children with SCD and to describe low-risk factors for confirmed SBI (CSBI) and acute chest syndrome (ACS).

Methods: This 11-year retrospective cohort study included children with febrile SCD admitted to a reference hospital in Spain.

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