Variations in serum magnesium and hormonal levels during incremental exercise.

In this study, we examined the relationship between plasma magnesium levels and hormonal variations during an incremental exercise test until exhaustion in 27, well-trained, male endurance athletes. After a warm-up of 10 min at 2 W/kg, the test began at an initial workload of 2.5 W/kg and continued with increments of 0.

Optical system design for orthosymplectic transformations in phase space.

On the basis of a matrix formalism, we analyze the paraxial optical systems composed by generalized lenses and fixed free-space intervals, suitable for orthosymplectic transformations in phase space. Flexible configurations to perform the attractive operations for optical information processing such as image rotation, separable fractional Fourier transformation, and twisting for different parameters are proposed.

Fourier series analysis of fractal lenses: theory and experiments with a liquid-crystal display.

We report on a Fourier series approach that predicts the focal points and intensities produced by fractal zone plate lenses. This approach allows us to separate the effects of the fractal order from those of the lens aperture. We implement these fractal lenses onto a liquid-crystal display and show experimental verification of our theory.

Focusing properties of fractal zone plates: experimental implementation with a liquid-crystal display.

We report the first experimental results, to our knowledge, with fractal zone plates implemented in a liquid-crystal display. Our results largely agree with theory for the axial irradiance distribution of these lenses. The dependence of the shape and size of the focus points on critical design parameters is discussed.

Importance of the phase and amplitude in the fractional Fourier domain.

The importance of the amplitude and phase in the fractional Fourier transform (FT) domain is analyzed on the basis of the rectangular signal and the real-world image. The quality of signal restoration from only the amplitude or from only the phase of its fractional FT by applying the inverse fractional FT is considered. It is shown that the signal reconstructed from the amplitude of the fractional FT usually reveals the main features of the original signal only for relatively low fractional orders.