Untargeted metabolomics provide new insights into the implication of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from natural whey starter in methylglyoxal-mediated browning.

Hard cheeses may occasionally show a brown discolouration during ripening due to multifactorial phenomena that involve bacteria and give rise to pyrazines arising from methylglyoxal. The present work aimed at developing a novel approach to investigate the role of natural starters in browning. To this object, 11 strains of L.

Oleuropein from olive leaf extracts and extra-virgin olive oil provides distinctive phenolic profiles and modulation of microbiota in the large intestine.

The interest in the modulation of gut microbiota by polyphenols from olives and derived products is increasing. In this work, phenolic leaf extracts (PLE) were in vitro faecal fermented to evaluate the changes in phenolic profiles and the impact on microbiota, using a commercial extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) as reference. The in vitro fermentation decreased oleuropein content in PLE, determining an increase of hydroxytyrosol and other phenolic metabolites.

sp. nov., isolated from microfiltered milk.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated 2C, was isolated from freshly packaged microfiltered milk. This strain was able to grow within the NaCl concentration range of 0-5 % (w/v), temperature range of 8-37 °C (optimally at 30 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.

Association of Sarcopenia and Gut Microbiota Composition in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Investigation of the Interactions with Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We determined gut microbiota (gMB) composition in CKD patients with or without sarcopenia. Furthermore, we investigated whether in these patients, there was any association between gMB, uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress.

and as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets.

The effects of and and their combination were assessed in weaned piglets. Three hundred and fifty weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White), balanced in terms of weight and sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (25 pens, 14 piglets/pen). Piglets were fed a basal control diet (CTRL, six pens) and a treatment diet supplemented with 2 × 10 CFU/g of (PLA, 6 pens), 2 × 10 CFU/g (REU, six pens) and the combination of both bacterial strains (1 × 10 CFU/g of combined with 1 × 10 CFU/g of , P+R, 7 pens) for 28 days.

Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets.

The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.

A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets.

Weaning is a critical period for piglets, in which unbalanced gut microbiota and/or pathogen colonisation can contribute to diseases that interfere with animal performance. Tannins are natural compounds that could be used as functional ingredients to improve gut health in pig farming thanks to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, a mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins (1.

Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets.

Alternatives to antibiotic treatments are required owing to the ban on the use of these drugs as growth promoters in food animal production. Tributyrin appears to play a role in improving growth performance in pigs, albeit with varying degrees of effectiveness. So far, very little is known about its effects on gut microbiota composition.

Lignans and Gut Microbiota: An Interplay Revealing Potential Health Implications.

Plant polyphenols are a broad group of bioactive compounds characterized by different chemical and structural properties, low bioavailability, and several in vitro biological activities. Among these compounds, lignans (a non-flavonoid polyphenolic class found in plant foods for human nutrition) have been recently studied as potential modulators of the gut-brain axis. In particular, gut bacterial metabolism is able to convert dietary lignans into therapeutically relevant polyphenols (i.

Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets.

In pig livestock, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics are needed to control enteric infections. Plant extracts such as tannins can represent an alternative as a natural source of functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in vivo effects of oral supplementation of combined chestnut (Ch) and quebracho (Qu) tannins in order to establish if they can induce a positive effect on weaned piglets' performance, metabolic status and fecal parameters.

Integrated Phenotypic-Genotypic Analysis of Candidate Probiotic Weissella Cibaria Strains Isolated from Dairy Cows in Kuwait.

Probiotics represent a possible strategy for controlling intestinal infections in livestock. Members of the Weissella genus are increasingly being studied for health-related applications in animals and humans. Here we investigated the functional properties of two Weissella cibaria strains isolated from cows reared in Kuwait breeding facilities by combining phenotypic with genomic analyses.

Genome-Assisted Characterization of , and Strains Isolated from Sorghum as Starters for Sourdough Fermentation.

Sourdough fermentation of bakery products is a well-established and widespread technique to confer an added value to the resulting food. In recent decades, gluten-free raw materials have gained more attention due to the diffusion of food disorders such as coeliac disease, but, at the same time, they present difficult manipulation and scarce technological properties because of the absence of gluten. For this reason, the present work was aimed at selecting starter cultures for sourdough application that are isolated from fermentation of sorghum flour.

Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation on the production traits, the main metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets (Large White × Landrace) were randomly divided into two experimental groups (six pens each; 10 piglets per pen): the control group (CTRL), that received a basal diet, and the tributyrin group (TRIB) that received the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% tributyrin.

Linoleic acid induces metabolic stress in the intestinal microorganism Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213.

Despite clinical and research interest in the health implications of the conjugation of linoleic acid (LA) by bifidobacteria, the detailed metabolic pathway and physiological reasons underlying the process remain unclear. This research aimed to investigate, at the molecular level, how LA affects the metabolism of Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213 as a model for the well-known LA conjugation phenotype of this species. The mechanisms involved and the meaning of the metabolic changes caused by LA to B.

Gut microbiota composition and frailty in elderly patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Frailty is common in older patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since gut microbiota (gMB) may contribute to frailty, we explored possible associations between gMB and frailty in CKD.

Methods: We studied 64 CKD patients (stage 3b-4), categorized as frail (F, 38) and not frail (NF, 26) according to Fried criteria, and 15 controls (C), all older than 65 years.

Development of an S-layer gene-based PCR-DGGE assay for monitoring dominant Lactobacillus helveticus strains in natural whey starters of Grana Padano cheese.

Monitoring L. helveticus strain dynamics in natural whey starters is of great interest at the industrial level due to the key role that this bacterial population plays in Grana Padano cheese production. In this study, we aimed to develop a PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay based on the slpH locus, in parallel with performing culture-dependent analysis of whey samples using optimized media to maximize the number of isolated strains.

Effects of Linoleic Acid on Gut-Derived DSM 20213: A Transcriptomic Approach.

Bacterial production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has recently received great attention because of the potential health benefits of this fatty acid. Linoleic acid (LA) can be converted to CLA by several microorganisms, including bifidobacteria, possibly as a detoxification mechanism to avoid the growth inhibition effect of LA. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the gene expression landscape of the intestinal strain DSM 20213 when exposed to LA.

Differential effects of coconut versus soy oil on gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic function in adult mice.

Background: Animal studies show that high fat (HF) diet-induced gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity. Oil composition of high-fat diet affects metabolic inflammation differently with deleterious effects by saturated fat. The aim of the present study was to examine the diversity and metabolic capacity of the cecal bacterial community in C57BL/6 N mice administered two different diets, enriched respectively with coconut oil (HFC, high in saturated fat) or soy oil (HFS, high in polyunsaturated fat).

Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Growing evidence supports the role of probiotics in reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, time to achieve full enteral feeding, and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants. As reported for several neonatal clinical outcomes, recent data have suggested that nutrition might affect probiotics' efficacy. Nevertheless, the currently available literature does not explore the relationship between LOS prevention and type of feeding in preterm infants receiving probiotics.

Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota.

Cystic fibrosis is often associated with intestinal inflammation due to several factors, including altered gut microbiota composition. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota among patients with cystic fibrosis of 10-22 years of age, and compared the findings with age-matched healthy subjects. The participating patients included 14 homozygotes and 14 heterozygotes with the delF508 mutation, and 2 heterozygotes presenting non-delF508 mutations.

Probiotics and Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Probiotics have been linked to a reduction in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Recently, probiotics have also proved to reduce time to achieve full enteral feeding (FEF). However, the relationship between FEF achievement and type of feeding in infants treated with probiotics has not been explored yet.

Impaired gut junctional complexes feature late-treated individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery upon virologically suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4⁺ T-cell recovery upon combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) display high levels of immune activation and microbial translocation. However, whether a link exists between gut damage and poor immunological reconstitution remains unknown.

Design: Cross-sectional study of the gastrointestinal tract in late cART-treated HIV-infected individuals: 15 immunological nonresponders (CD4⁺ <350 cells/μl and/or delta CD4⁺ change from baseline <30%); 15 full responders (CD4⁺ >350 cells/μl and/or delta CD4⁺ change from baseline >30%).

Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects predominantly preterm infants, who have specific risk factors leading to intestinal dysbiosis. Manipulations of gut microbiota through probiotics have the potential to prevent NEC.The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotics for NEC prevention in preterm infants, with a focus on specific strains, microbiological strength of currently available studies, and high-risk populations.

Microbial analyses of traditional Italian salami reveal microorganisms transfer from the natural casing to the meat matrix.

In this study the bacterial biodiversity, during the maturation process of traditional sausages (Salame Mantovano), produced with two different kinds of casing (hog middle or "Crespone" and hog bung or "Gentile"), was investigated by means of culture-dependent and -independent methods. In order to assess the natural variability linked to the type of casing used in production, the ingredients, as well as ripening conditions, were identical in both productions. The aim of the study was to understand the contribution of casing microflora during sausage ripening by identifying the dominant species and strains.

Archaeal microbiota population in piglet feces shifts in response to weaning: Methanobrevibacter smithii is replaced with Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani.

Methanogens commonly inhabit swine intestine. We analyzed the gut archaeal population by extracting DNA from the feces of nine piglets. We performed PCR to target the V6-V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene.