Obliterative foam-cell arteriopathy. A unifying concept embracing several entities previously described as radiation, decidual, transplant, and intratumoral-associated arteriopathy.

This review article aimed to postulate the existence of a specific arterial injury having as its histological hallmark a collection of macrophages loaded with lipids in the intima of small-sized and medium-sized arteries causing narrowing or complete obstruction. The proposal is made that a series of previously described entities, such as ionizing radiation arteriopathy, acute atherosis (foam-cell decidual arteriopathy), transplant chronic arteriopathy of solid organ allografts, and intratumoral-associated foam-cell arteriopathy constitute different manifestations of the same basic morphological process identified as obliterative foam-cell arteriopathy (OFCA). OFCA is a local (single-organ) lesion in the aforementioned diverse processes with variable etiopathogenesis but converges in a single morphological marker.

Beneficial effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2) deficiency-associated hypertransaminasemia.

Background And Aims: A variant (p.Arg225Trp) of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2), involved in bile acid (BA) side-chain shortening, has been associated with unexplained persistent hypertransaminasemia and accumulation of C27-BAs, mainly 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoic acid (THCA). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ACOX2 deficiency-associated hypertransaminasemia (ADAH), its response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), elucidate its pathophysiological mechanism and identify other inborn errors that could cause this alteration.

Increased risk of MAFLD and Liver Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Independent of Classic Metabolic Risk Factors.

Background & Aims: There is conflicting evidence regarding the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to determine MAFLD prevalence and risk factors in IBD patients.

Methods: Cross-sectional, case-control study included all consecutive IBD patients treated at 2 different university hospitals.

Protooncogene MYC drives human melanocyte melanogenesis and senescence.

In spite of extensive research and advances on the molecular biology of melanoma, the process of melanocytic differentiation or its relationship with proliferation is poorly understood. The role of proto-oncogenes in normal melanocyte biology is also intriguing. Proto-oncogene MYC is overexpressed in 40% of melanomas.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese subjects with Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (TESLA-NASH study).

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is frequently associated with obesity, and its standard treatment is weight loss with diet and exercise; a dy% weight reduction has been associated with improvement in liver histological and analytical abnormalities. However, less than 25% of subjects achieve this goal. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) represents the most common procedure of bariatric surgery, providing effective weight loss and improvement in comorbidities such as NASH, but it is associated with several postoperative complications.

Colonic tubular adenoma with incidental oxyntic gastric heterotopia.

Oxyntic gastric heterotopia (GH) in the colon is not common. Its presence in a colon tubular adenoma is even rare. A 73-year-old woman with a history of resected colon carcinoma underwent periodical colonoscopies for the removal of tubular adenomas for 12 years.

Congestive Hepatopathy.

Liver disease resulting from heart failure (HF) has generally been referred as "cardiac hepatopathy". One of its main forms is congestive hepatopathy (CH), which results from passive venous congestion in the setting of chronic right-sided HF. The current spectrum of CH differs from earlier reports with HF, due to ischemic cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease having surpassed rheumatic valvular disease.

Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease Associated to Oxaliplatin: An Entity to Think about It.

Portal sinusoidal vascular disease is a presinusoidal cause of portal hypertension (PHT) of unknown etiology, characterized by typical manifestations of PHT (esophageal varices, ascites, portosystemic collaterals), plaquetopenia and splenomegaly with a gradient of portal pressure slightly increased, according to the presinusoidal nature of the PHT. A few cases in the literature have shown a relationship between oxaliplatin and the development of presinusoidal portal hypertension, years after the chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (therefore, different to sinusoidal obstruction syndrome). There are three mechanisms through which oxaliplatin can cause sinusoidal damage: 1) damage at the level of endothelial cells and stimulates the release of free radicals and depletion of glutathione transferase, with altering the integrity of the sinusoidal cells.

Low-fat, plexiform spindle cell lipoma of the lip expressing S100 protein: a neural tumor simulator.

The plexiform variant of spindle cell lipoma is very uncommon. In fact, as far as we are aware only seven cases have been previously reported. We describe herein the case of a 49-year-old man with a smooth nodule of the mucosa of the lower lip that was gradually increasing.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: diagnosis, difficulties and therapeutic options.

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) most frequently affects elderly patients, without previous immunosuppression, with frequent extra-nodal involvement and whose disease runs an aggressive clinical course with high International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores. Various EBV-related transforming mechanisms, much favored by immunosenescence, have been described, including activation of the NFKB transcriptional program. Elderly patients show poor survival after treatment with conventional CHOP regimens, even after addition of Rituximab.