Optimal Prandial Timing of Insulin Bolus in Youths with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic review was to report the evidence on optimal prandial timing of insulin bolus in youths with type 1 diabetes. A systematic search was performed including studies published in the last 20 years (2002-2022). A PICOS framework was used in the selection process and evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

Kidney function and renal resistive index in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common pediatric rheumatic disease. Renal manifestations have been rarely observed in JIA, although amyloidosis could be a renal complication in systemic JIA (sJIA). To investigate renal damage in JIA children and to establish the relationship with treatment.

Uric acid and cardiometabolic risk by gender in youth with type 1 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between uric acid (UA) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) by sex in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Retrospective data collected from 1323 children and adolescents (5-18 years; 716 boys) with T1D recruited in 9 Italian Pediatric Diabetes Centers were analyzed. CMRFs included UA, HbA, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol (TC), HDL, triglycerides (TG), neutrophils (N) and lymphocytes (L) count, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (calculated using Schwartz-Lyon equation).

Diabetic ketoacidosis with severe hypokalemia and persistent hypernatremia in an adolescent girl with COVID-19 infection.

We report a case of new-onset type 1 diabetes in a girl presenting with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, complicated by profound hypokalemia and hypernatremia. We describe the clinical course, management challenges, and the potential role of the concomitant COVID-19 infection in the complexity of this case.

Biomarkers associated with early stages of kidney disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: To identify biomarkers of renal disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to compare findings in adults with T1D.

Methods: Twenty-five serum biomarkers were measured, using a Luminex platform, in 553 adolescents (median [interquartile range] age: 13.9 [12.

Role of , , and Genetic Variants on Bronchodilators Response in Asthmatic Children.

An interindividual variability in response to short-acting bronchodilator drugs (short-acting inhaled β2-agonists, SABA) exists and this is linked in part to genetic factors. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a previously studied gene () and of new candidate genes ( and ) on the acute response to SABA in children with asthma. One hundred asthmatic children (mean age 9.

Pharmacotherapy options for pediatric diabetes.

Purpose Of Review: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are frequent conditions during childhood and adolescence. The present review offers an update on current available treatment strategies for T1D and T2D approved for use in children and adolescents.

Recent Findings: Insulin remains the main and essential therapeutic strategy in youth with T1D.

Increased GLP-1 response to oral glucose in pre-pubertal obese children.

Background: Gastrointestinal hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. However, few data are available in youth. The objective of this study was to investigate the GLP-1 response to oral glucose load in obese pre-pubertal children and its relationship with insulin secretion.

Influence of inhaled corticosteroids on pubertal growth and final height in asthmatic children.

Background: Controversial data exist on the possibility that inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) affect growth in children with mild-to-moderate asthma. We assessed whether ICs affect growth and final height (FH) in asthmatic children compared to controls.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 113 asthmatic children compared with 66 control children.

Progression of cardio-metabolic risk factors in subjects born small and large for gestational age.

Background: Subjects born small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age have an increased risk of cardio-metabolic alterations already during prepuberty. Nevertheless, the progression of their cardio-metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence has not been fully explored. Our aim was to assess potential changes in the cardio-metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence in subjects born SGA and LGA compared to those born appropriate (AGA) for gestational age.

Is asymmetric dimethylarginine associated with being born small and large for gestational age?

Low and high birth weights have been linked to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. However, the natural history of cardiometabolic disturbances in children born small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age is still unclear and no reliable biomarker of cardiovascular risk has definitively been identified in these subjects. Interestingly, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), antagonist of nitric oxide (NO) production, has been recognized as novel cardiovascular marker able to identify subjects at higher risk of health disturbances.

Insulin resistance and obesity in childhood.

Childhood obesity is a significant health problem that has reached epidemic proportions around the world and is associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance is a common feature of childhood obesity and is considered to be an important link between adiposity and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also a key component of the metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence in the paediatric population is increasing, particularly among obese children and adolescents.

Obese related effects of inflammatory markers and insulin resistance on increased carotid intima media thickness in pre-pubertal children.

Obesity in children appears to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. Early development of insulin resistance and impaired oxidant-antioxidant status may lead to endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid intima media thickness (IMT) even in childhood. The aim of this study was to measure IMT and the relationship between IMT, insulin resistance and oxidant status in obese pre-pubertal children.