Harnessing FLASH irradiation to improve immunotherapy of medulloblastoma.

Ultra-high dose delivery of radiation (>40 Gy/s), namely FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT), is a novel treatment strategy that maximizes cell kill while sparing normal tissue. Recent data reported by Ni et al. demonstrate that one of the mechanisms through which FLASH-RT promotes inflammation involves the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages to support immune stimulation, thus enhancing immunotherapy in medulloblastoma (MB).

Predictors of sustained reverse remodelling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Background: Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who achieve reverse remodelling (RR) can experience a new decrease in ejection fraction (EF), and the predictors of sustained RR (SRR) are not completely understood.

Objectives: The study aims to identify predictors of SRR in patients with HFrEF after an increase in EF and evaluate SRR prognosis.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, we evaluated a real-life cohort of patients with HFrEF and ≥2 consecutive echocardiograms, divided according to left ventricular EF (LVEF) trajectory: no RR (NRR: 3/3 LVEF measurements < 40%), non-SRR (NSRR: second LVEF ≥ 40%, third LVEF < 40%), and SRR (SRR: second and third LVEF ≥ 40%).

Stereotactic injection of murine brain tumor cells for neuro-oncology studies.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive brain tumors, with a poor prognosis. Effective preclinical models are crucial to investigate GBM biology and develop novel treatments. Syngeneic models, which consist in injecting murine GBM cells into mice with a similar genetic background, offer reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and an intact immune system, making them ideal for immunotherapy research.

Concomitant Factors Associated With Tillaux-Chaput Fractures in Adults: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Tillaux-Chaput fractures (TCFs) consist of fractures of the anterolateral distal tibia. They rarely occur in isolation in adults. When TCFs are missed, there is a risk of chronic pain, instability, and ankle osteoarthritis.

Brazilian Version of the Vestibular Activities and Participation Measure: Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability.

Background: Vestibular Activities and Participation Measure (VAP) subscales assess the effect of vestibular disorders on activity and participation. This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and assess the validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error of the Brazilian version of VAP subscales.

Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation followed the translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by a committee of experts, and pretesting phases.

COX2-dependent suppression of anticancer immunity.

Prostaglandin E (PGE) is well known to promote tumor progression by boosting cancer cell proliferation while inhibiting anticancer immunity. Recent data from Lacher et al. and Morotti et al.

Dispositional greed and life satisfaction: the role of social comparison for well-being.

There is a lack of studies addressing the psychological mechanisms underlying the association between individual differences in greed and well-being. This study tested the relationship between dispositional greed, and satisfaction with life, as well as the moderating effect of social comparison orientation on this association ( = 373). As expected for hypothesis 1, we found that greed correlated negatively with satisfaction with life, and positively with social comparison orientation, even after controlling for individuals' mental health index (anxiety and depression), supporting the hypothesis 2.

Adaptive inhibition of CGAS signaling by TREX1.

Mammalian cells react to the accumulation of double-stranded (ds)DNA in the cytosol by secreting antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines, notably type I interferon (IFN). Recent data reported by Tani et al. demonstrate that overactivation of this pathway is prevented by an adaptive feedback mechanism elicited by type I IFN receptors and executed by the exonuclease three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1).

Evaluation of the Chilean National Orthopaedic Examination Over 11 Years: Progress and Outcomes of National and International Examinees.

Introduction: The National Orthopaedics Examination (EMNOT) was initially designed for Chilean orthopaedic program graduates and is now a crucial component of the revalidation process for international orthopaedic surgeons seeking practice in Chile. This study aims to describe participation and performance of EMNOT examinees based on their origin and to analyze the difficulty and discrimination indexes during its first 11 years of implementation.

Methods: A retrospective assessment was conducted on all EMNOT results from 2009 to 2019.

Tibial tubercle to trochlear groove and the roman arch method for tibial tubercle lateralisation are reliable and distinguish between subjects with and without major patellar instability.

Purpose: Patellofemoral (PF) instability recurrence depends on several factors including the relative lateralisation of tibial tubercle (TT) regarding the trochlear groove (TG). TT relative lateralisation quantification has long been a topic of debate. Multiple measuring techniques have been described including TT-trochlear groove (TT-TG), TT-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) and TT-roman arch (TT-RA), with no clear consensus regarding the most reliable index or pathologic threshold.

Preoperative education in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery: a scoping review.

Background: International guidelines promote preoperative education for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. However, the evidence sustaining these recommendations comes mainly from studies for hip and knee replacement surgery. Little is known about patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.

NCoA3 upregulation in breast cancer‑associated adipocytes elicits an inflammatory profile.

Nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCoA3) is a transcriptional coactivator of NF‑κB and other factors, which is expressed at relatively low levels in normal cells and is amplified or overexpressed in several types of cancer, including breast tumors. NCoA3 levels have been shown to be decreased during adipogenesis; however, its role in tumor‑surrounding adipose tissue (AT) remains unknown. Therefore, the present study assessed the modulation of NCoA3 in breast cancer‑associated adipocytes and evaluated its association with the expression of inflammatory markers.

Histological evaluation of the liver of mice with sarcoma-180 treated with salazinic acid.

Many of the drugs used to fight cancer cells induce various damage causing hepatotoxic effects which are characterized by tissue changes. The aim of the study is to know the possible effects of salazinic acid on livers of mice exposed to Sacoma-180. The tumor was grown in the animals in ascitic form and inoculated subcutaneously in the axillary region of the mouse developing the solid tumor.

Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis.

Human schistosomiasis is caused by helminths of the genus . Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune regulation of this disease. These cells acquire different phenotypes depending on the type of stimulus they receive.

New reference values for maximum respiratory pressures in healthy Brazilian children following guidelines recommendations: A regional study.

Objective: To determine reference values for maximum static respiratory pressures in healthy children from a Brazilian region, following recommendations of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the Brazilian Society of Pneumology and Tisiology (SBPT).

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with healthy children (6 to 11 years) of both sexes. The maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax, respectively) were measured using a digital manometer.

Praziquantel: An update on the mechanism of its action against schistosomiasis and new therapeutic perspectives.

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of all forms of schistosomiasis, although its mechanisms of action are not completely understood. PZQ acts largely on adult worms. This narrative literature review describes what is known about the mechanisms of action of PZQ against schistosomes from in vitro and in vivo studies and highlights the molecular targets in parasites and immune responses induced in definitive hosts by this drug.

Histomorphometric analysis of the lung of Swiss mice treated with a fibrinolytic protease.

Fibrinolytic enzymes are considered promising alternative in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by preventing fibrin clots. A protease from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 was obtained by solid state fermentation and purified by ion exchange chromatography. The purified extract was administered at an acute dose of 2000 mg/mL to evaluate its toxic effects to the lungs of mice.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Detecting Frailty and Prefrailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the PRO-EVA Study.

Background And Purpose: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is widely used for older adults since it has a high level of validity, reliability, and responsiveness in measuring function in this population. However, only a few studies of diagnostic accuracy have assessed SPPB capacity in detecting frailty and prefrailty by estimating more detailed measurement properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy in detecting frailty and prefrailty, in addition to identifying cut-off points for walking time and chair stand time.

Role of TLR9 methylation on its active transcription in apical inflammation.

Aim: To explore the methylation pattern, its role in transcriptional regulation and potential modifiers of methylation of the TLR9 gene in chronic periapical inflammation.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO, n = 61) and healthy periodontal ligaments (HPL, n = 15) were included. Products from bisulfited and PCR-amplified DNA were analysed for their methylation profiles in the promoter region and at each CpG island.

Alterations in blood glucose concentration in wild rodents, Holochilus sciureus, naturally infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in peripheral blood glucose concentrations induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in Holochilus sciureus rodents, a wild reservoir of the parasite. Glucose concentration was measured in the plasma of blood samples using a colorimetric enzymatic test. Biological parameters and S.

CpG Single-Site Methylation Regulates TLR2 Expression in Proinflammatory PBMCs From Apical Periodontitis Individuals.

Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common oral disease caused by the inflammatory destruction of the periapical tissues due to the infection of the root canal system of the tooth. It also contributes to systemic bacterial translocation, where peripheric mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) can act as carriers. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mediates the response to infection and activates inflammatory responses.

Increasing incidence of rotator cuff surgery: A nationwide registry study in Chile.

Background: The rotator cuff surgery (RCS) incidence is rising rapidly in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Despite this, multiple factors limit patients' access to surgery. In Latin America, barriers to orthopedic surgery have been largely ignored.

The use of intraoperative comparative fluoroscopy allows for assessing sagittal reduction and predicting syndesmosis reduction in ankle fractures.

Unlabelled: Intraoperative fluoroscopic parameters have shown to be poor predictors for ankle syndesmosis reduction, with up to 52% of syndesmotic malreduction (SMR) reported in the literature. Anteroposterior Tibio-Fibular index (APTF) was previously described to evaluate sagittal tibiofibular alignment in lateral ankle radiographs with a high correlation between both ankles in uninjured subjects. Reproducible intraoperative measurements for sagittal syndesmotic reduction are lacking.

Repetition Failure Occurs Earlier During Low-Load Resistance Exercise With High But Not Low Blood Flow Restriction Pressures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Cerqueira, MS, Lira, M, Mendonça Barboza, JA, Burr, JF, Wanderley e Lima, TB, Maciel, DG, and De Brito Vieira, WH. Repetition failure occurs earlier during low-load resistance exercise with high but not low blood flow restriction pressures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-High-load and low-load resistance training (LL-RT) performed to failure are considered effective for improving muscle mass and strength.

Acute catabolism of leukocyte lipid bodies: Characterization of a nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)-induced proteasomal-dependent model.

Cytoplasmic availability of leukocyte lipid bodies is controlled by a highly regulated cycle of opposing biogenesis- and catabolism-related events. While leukocyte biogenic machinery is well-characterized, lipid body catabolic mechanisms are yet mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrated that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) very rapidly decreases the numbers of pre-formed lipid bodies within lipid body-enriched cytoplasm of mouse leukocytes - macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils.