[Historical evolution of World Health Organization guidelines on antimicrobial resistanceEvolução histórica da Organização Mundial da Saúde e a resistência aos antimicrobianos].

Objective: Show the evolution of guidelines on public health policies focused on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) between 1948 and 2022. Other related government actions are also mentioned.

Methods: A detailed review was conducted of World Health Assembly and WHO Executive Board archives.

Consensus Enolase of : Evaluation of Their Immunogenic Properties Using a Bioinformatics Approach.

There is currently no vaccine against American trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasite . This is due to the genomic variation observed in the six DTUs of . This work aims to propose a consensus sequence of the enolase protein from different strains of and mainly evaluate its immunogenic properties at the bioinformatic level.

The Fis Nucleoid Protein Negatively Regulates the Phase Variation Switch of the Type 1 Pilus Operon in Enteropathogenic .

In the expression of type 1 pili (T1P) is determined by the site-specific inversion of the ON-OFF switch located immediately upstream of major fimbrial subunit gene . Here we investigated the role of virulence (Ler, GrlR, and GrlA) and global regulators (H-NS, IHF, and Fis) in the regulation of the switch in the human enteropathogenic (EPEC) O127:H6 strain E2348/69. This strain does not produce detectable T1P and PCR analysis of the switch confirmed that it is locked in the OFF orientation.

Association of Antibiotic Resistance, Cell Adherence, and Biofilm Production with the Endemicity of Nosocomial .

is a leading cause of multiple nosocomial infections, some of which are associated with high mortality. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains highlights their clinical importance and how complicated managing treatment can be. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial resistance, cell adherence, and biofilm production of nosocomial strains isolated from surveillance studies in a Mexican tertiary hospital and evaluated the potential association of these phenotypes with endemicity.

Analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis Population Dynamics and Its Interaction With Pseudomonas fluorescens in Soil.

Background: Bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful biological control agent, however, studies so far have shown that B. thuringiensis is very sensitive to environmental factors such as soil moisture and pH. Ultraviolet light from the sun had been considered as the main limiting factor for its persistence in soil and it has recently been shown that the antagonism exerted by other native soil organisms, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, is a determining factor in the persistence of this bacterium under in vitro culture conditions.

Some biological features of mollicutes.

Mycoplasmas are a bacterial group that is classified in the Mollicute class which includes Mycoplasmas, Spiroplasmas and Acholeplasmas. One hundred and seventy six species have been described in this group. Mycoplasmas are the smallest self living prokaryotes, they do not have a bacterial wall, their genomic size ranges from 577 to 2220 bpk, they are nutritional exigent so it is hard to culture them, but the development of molecular biology techniques has let us detect more mycoplasmas in different hosts.