Primary resistance mutations to fusion inhibitors and polymorphisms in gp41 sequences of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and recombinants.

Primary resistance mutations to fusion inhibitors and polymorphisms in gp41 sequences of non-B subtypes and recombinant HIV-1 isolates were analysed. L91H to RPR103611 was detected in one DGpol/Denv/Dgp41 recombinant; L9F and K144R, rarely reported previously, were frequent in the B region of CRF14_BG recombinants. V194I and V318A, not described in the G subtype, were detected in the G region of BG recombinants and in G subtype viruses that also show the rare mutations T115L, M118V and K90R.

High HIV-1 genetic diversity in Cuba.

Background: HIV-1 subtype B is largely predominant in the Caribbean, although other subtypes have been recently identified in Cuba.

Objectives: To examine HIV-1 genetic diversity in Cuba.

Methods: The study enrolled 105 HIV-1-infected individuals, 93 of whom had acquired the infection in Cuba.

Identification of a newly characterized HIV-1 BG intersubtype circulating recombinant form in Galicia, Spain, which exhibits a pseudotype-like virion structure.

We recently reported the finding of phylogenetically related HIV-1 BG intersubtype recombinant and G subtype nonrecombinant viruses circulating among injecting drug users in the region of Galicia in northwestern Spain. Here, we report the characterization of near full-length genome sequences of nine of these viruses (seven BG recombinant and two of nonrecombinant G subtype), obtained from epidemiologically unlinked individuals. Bootscan analysis reveals that six recombinant viruses share an identical mosaic structure, with two intersubtype breakpoints delimiting a B subtype segment comprising most of Env gp120 and the external portion of Env gp41, with the remaining portions of the genome being of subtype G, thus mimicking a pseudotype virion structure.

Diversity of mosaic structures and common ancestry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 BF intersubtype recombinant viruses from Argentina revealed by analysis of near full-length genome sequences.

The findings that BF intersubtype recombinant human immunodeficiency type 1 viruses (HIV-1) with coincident breakpoints in pol are circulating widely in Argentina and that non-recombinant F subtype viruses have failed to be detected in this country were reported recently. To analyse the mosaic structures of these viruses and to determine their phylogenetic relationship, near full-length proviral genomes of eight of these recombinant viruses were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Intersubtype breakpoints were analysed by bootscanning and examining the signature nucleotides.