The Opportunity Provided by Vaccination Offer to Refugees from Ukraine in European Countries.

(1) The Russian invasion of Ukraine forced many people to leave their country and seek asylum in various European countries, with serious consequences from a health perspective. In this context, we describe the health measures undertaken by AcToVax4NAM Consortium Countries (Cyprus-Germany-Greece-Italy-Malta-Poland-Romania-Spain) to prevent Vaccine-Preventable Disease (VPD) outbreaks in the context of mass movements of populations that resulted from the crisis in Ukraine. (2) We collected information on the vaccinations offered to Ukrainians in the Consortium Countries.

Entomopathogenic Fungi as Dual Control Agents against Two Phytopathogens and the Lepidopteran Pest in Soybean ( (L.) Merr).

Soybean () is one of the most important crops worldwide. This crop is prone to diseases caused by the phytopathogenic fungi , and the lepidopteran pest . Biological control using entomopathogenic fungi is a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides.

Histologic and Clinical Factors Associated with Kidney Outcomes in IgA Vasculitis Nephritis.

Background: Nephritis is a common manifestation of IgA vasculitis and is morphologically indistinguishable from IgA nephropathy. While MEST-C scores are predictive of kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy, their value in IgA vasculitis nephritis has not been investigated in large multiethnic cohorts.

Methods: Biopsies from 262 children and 99 adults with IgA vasculitis nephritis ( N =361) from 23 centers in North America, Europe, and Asia were independently scored by three pathologists.

Access to Vaccination for Newly Arrived Migrants: Developing a General Conceptual Framework for Understanding How to Improve Vaccination Coverage in European Countries.

Access to vaccination for newly arrived migrants (NAMs) is a relevant concern that requires urgent attention in EU/EEA countries. This study aimed to develop a General Conceptual Framework (GCF) for understanding how to improve vaccination coverage for NAMs, by characterizing and critically analyzing system barriers and possible strategies to increase vaccination. A theoretical conceptualization of the GCF was hypothesized based on conceptual hubs in the immunization process.

Next-Generation Morphometry for pathomics-data mining in histopathology.

Pathology diagnostics relies on the assessment of morphology by trained experts, which remains subjective and qualitative. Here we developed a framework for large-scale histomorphometry (FLASH) performing deep learning-based semantic segmentation and subsequent large-scale extraction of interpretable, quantitative, morphometric features in non-tumour kidney histology. We use two internal and three external, multi-centre cohorts to analyse over 1000 kidney biopsies and nephrectomies.

Post-hoc analysis of a tool to predict kidney failure in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Background: Recently, a tool based on two different artificial neural networks has been developed. The first network predicts kidney failure (KF) development while the second predicts the time frame to reach this outcome. In this study, we conducted a post-hoc analysis to evaluate the discordant results obtained by the tool.

ISSR markers to explore entomopathogenic fungi genetic diversity: Implications for biological control of tobacco pests.

Tobacco is one of the major industrial crops cultivated worldwide. Chemical control is the main method employed to reduce damage by insect pests. The use of entomopathogenic fungi represents an alternative to replace insecticides.

Updating the International IgA Nephropathy Prediction Tool for use in children.

Although IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common cause of glomerulonephritis in children, the absence of a method to predict disease progression limits personalized risk-based treatment decisions. The adult International IgAN Prediction Tool comprises two validated Cox survival models that predict a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end stage kidney disease (ESKD) using clinical risk factors and Oxford MEST histology scores. Here, we updated the Prediction Tool for use in children using a multiethnic international cohort of 1,060 children with IgAN followed into adulthood.

Development and testing of an artificial intelligence tool for predicting end-stage kidney disease in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy.

We have developed an artificial neural network prediction model for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) using a retrospective cohort of 948 patients with IgAN. Our tool is based on a two-step procedure of a classifier model that predicts ESKD, and a regression model that predicts development of ESKD over time. The classifier model showed a performance value of 0.

The switch from proteasome to immunoproteasome is increased in circulating cells of patients with fast progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy and associated with defective CD46 expression.

The proteasome to immunoproteasome (iPS) switch consists of β1, β2 and β5 subunit replacement by low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2), LMP7 and multicatalytic endopeptidase-like complex-1 (MECL1) subunits, resulting in a more efficient peptide preparation for major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC-I) presentation. It is activated by toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and interferons and may also be influenced by genetic variation. In a previous study we found an iPS upregulation in peripheral cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).

Endophytic Effects of on Corn () and Its Herbivore, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Entomopathogenic fungi are widely recognized as agents of biological control worldwide. Their use in agriculture for the regulation of pest populations is a promising alternative to conventional insecticides. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that entomopathogenic fungi fulfill an additional role in plants as growth promoters.

Defective gene expression of the membrane complement inhibitor CD46 in patients with progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy.

Background: Complement is thought to play a role in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), though the activating mechanisms are unknown. This study focused on the gene expression of CD46 and CD55, two key molecules for regulating C3 convertase activity of lectin and alternative complement pathways at a cellular level.

Methods: The transcriptional expression in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) of CD46 and CD55 was investigated in 157 patients enrolled by the Validation of the Oxford Classification of IgAN group, looking for correlations with clinical and pathology features and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) modifications from renal biopsy to sampling.

[Combination of phosphorus solubilizing and mobilizing fungi with phosphate rocks and volcanic materials to promote plant growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)].

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the uptake of soluble phosphates, while phosphorus solubilizing fungi (S) promote solubilization of insoluble phosphates complexes, favoring plant nutrition. Another alternative to maintaining crop productivity is to combine minerals and rocks that provide nutrients and other desirable properties. The aim of this work was to combine AMF and S with pyroclastic materials (ashes and pumices) from Puyehue volcano and phosphate rocks (PR) from Rio Chico Group (Chubut) - to formulate a substrate for the production of potted Lactuca sativa.

Endophytic fungi from selected varieties of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) grown in an agricultural area of Argentina.

Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous and live within host plants without causing any noticeable symptoms of disease. Little is known about the diversity and function of fungal endophytes in plants, particularly in economically important species. The aim of this study was to determine the identity and diversity of endophytic fungi in leaves, stems and roots of soybean and corn plants and to determine their infection frequencies.

Is the benefit of treating patients with cirrhosis proven?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis is an extremely heterogeneous pathological condition with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from pre-clinical to compensated and decompensated stages, each of which is characterized by a different clinical outcome. To measure the benefit of a sustained virological response (SVR) with interferon (IFN)-based therapy, several studies have been performed in patients with compensated disease, while only a few have been performed in decompensated disease. Nevertheless, these studies have certain methodological weaknesses that may limit the accuracy of results.

Treatment discontinuation with peg-interferon: what to consider.

Eradication of chronic hepatitis C virus infection improves the outcome of both liver and extrahepatic-related diseases and interferon-based regimens represented, for years, the standard of care to achieve this goal. Several baseline and on-treatment predictors of response, associated with a lower chance to achieve sustained virological response after interferon-based treatment, were developed. In the past few years, the advent of direct acting antivirals has dramatically modified the landscape of antiviral therapy, leading to an evolution from interferon-based to interferon-free therapies.

12 weeks of interferon-based therapy is feasible in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia: A post hoc analysis of eltrombopag studies.

Background: A 24-48-week course of interferon-based therapy poorly tolerated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia. Aim of the study was to identify patients at low-risk of liver-related complications over a 12-week course of interferon-based therapy.

Methods: We assessed the rate of complications and death during the first 12 weeks of interferon-based therapy in HCV cirrhotics with thrombocytopenia (platelets ≤75×10(9)/L) enrolled in the ENABLE-1 and -2 phase 3 randomised controlled trials.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may restore gluten tolerance in patients with celiac disease.

We report on 2 patients affected by both celiac disease (CD) and β-thalassemia major who underwent successful myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the latter condition. After HSCT, the introduction of a gluten-containing diet did not cause the reappearance of clinical, serological, and histological markers of CD in up to 5 years of follow-up. After transplantation, in both patients, dendritic cells and regulatory FoxP3T cells showed a recovery of normal values and no proliferative T-cell response upon gliadin stimulation was found.

Mesenchymal stromal cell infusions as rescue therapy for corticosteroid-refractory adult autoimmune enteropathy.

Adult autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare cause of malabsorption syndrome unresponsive to dietary restriction. Its diagnostic hallmarks are small-bowel villous atrophy and antienterocyte autoantibodies. Therapy is based mainly on nutritional support and immunosuppression.