Reactions to electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) prevention messages: results from qualitative research used to inform FDA's first youth ENDS prevention campaign.

Background: Youth e-cigarette use is a major public health concern. Large-scale tobacco prevention campaigns are a proven strategy to prevent tobacco use. There is a gap in understanding what types of e-cigarette prevention messages might be most effective.

Fear and Humor Appeals in "The Real Cost" Campaign: Evidence of Potential Effectiveness in Message Pretesting.

Introduction: In tobacco prevention campaigns, fear-appeal messages are widely used and generally shown to be effective, whereas the utility of humor appeals is less clear. This study compares the potential effectiveness of fear and humor ads developed for "The Real Cost" campaign.

Methods: Adolescents (N=1,315) aged 13-17 years who were either experimenting with smoking or susceptible to smoking initiation were randomized to view either a single ad (of three fear and two humor ads in total) or nothing (control condition).

Lessons on Addiction Messages From "The Real Cost" Campaign.

Introduction: A key strategy in reducing the public health burden of cigarette smoking is preventing youth from ever becoming addicted to cigarettes in the first place. However, there is limited research exploring youth responses to addiction messages. This study assesses youths' responses to the U.

Bringing "The Real Cost" to Life Through Breakthrough, Evidence-Based Advertising.

Building on the success "The Real Cost" campaign has already achieved requires the constant development of new audience insights, novel ideas, and unconventional ways of bringing the campaign to life. This article provides a high-level overview of the campaign's approach to developing and testing breakthrough advertising that has proven effective in preventing smoking initiation among a skeptical, hard-to-reach, at-risk youth audience. This approach is informed by evidence-based communication best practices for youth behavior change campaigns; insights from published literature and subject matter experts with decades of experience in youth health marketing and tobacco prevention; and findings from formative research studies conducted as part of the campaign development process.

Perceptions of social norms and exposure to pro-marijuana messages are associated with adolescent marijuana use.

Despite consistent declines in rates of cigarette use among adolescents in the last five years, rates of marijuana use have remained constant, with marijuana being the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. More work is needed to understand how social norms, perceived risks and benefits, and social media messaging impact use of marijuana. This study compared perceptions and social norms related to marijuana, blunts and cigarettes.

Adolescents' Perceptions of Risks and Benefits of Conventional Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, and Marijuana: A Qualitative Analysis.

Purpose: Although rates of adolescent cigarette use have remained constant or decreased, rates of marijuana and e-cigarette use are rising. Knowledge and perceptions of risks and benefits of tobacco products impact adolescents' decisions to use these products. However, little is known regarding adolescents' knowledge and perceptions of risks of e-cigarettes and marijuana nor how these perceptions are formed.

Evaluating California campus tobacco policies using the American College Health Association guidelines and the Institutional Grammar Tool.

Objective: To measure comprehensiveness of California campus tobacco policies.

Participants: Sixteen campuses representing different regions, institution types, and policies. Research occurred June-August 2013.

Diffusion theory and knowledge dissemination, utilization and integration.

Part of the Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Health and Medical Administration Commons, Health Policy Commons, Health Services Administration Commons, Health Services Research Commons, and the Public Health Education and Promotion Commons. Many accomplishments of public health have been distributed unevenly among populations. This article reviews the concepts of applying evidence-based practice in public health in the face of the varied cultures and circumstances of practice in these varied populations.

Beliefs Underlying the Decision to Eat Breakfast: The Role of Theory-based Behavioral Analysis in the Development of Policy, Communication and Educational Interventions for Healthy Eating.

Policy, communication, and education efforts to influence any social or health outcome are more effective if based on an understanding of the underlying behaviors and their determinants. This conceptual paper outlines how behavioral theory can help design interventions for one healthy eating behavior, eating breakfast. More specifically, the paper illustrates how a prominent health behavior theory, the Reasoned Action Approach, can be used to guide formative research to identify factors underlying people's decisions.

Epidemiology and predisposing factors of obesity in Greece: from the Second World War until today.

Over the last 30 years overweight and obesity among adults and children have been on the rise, and since 1997 WHO has designated obesity as a major public health problem. In Greece both adult and childhood obesity is now recognized as an epidemic problem, probably more important than in other European countries. The issue is more serious in male adolescents and adults.