Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis as a late complication of childhood cancer therapy: A case series.

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia with distinct clinicopathologic features. It has been associated with exposure to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and classical alkylating agents. Here, we highlight PPFE as a late complication of childhood cancer therapy by describing the cases of four survivors of childhood cancer with a diagnosis of treatment-related PPFE.

Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is an increasingly common cause of morbidity and mortality as the list of culprit drugs continues to grow. Unfortunately, DI-ILD is difficult to study, diagnose, prove, and manage. This article attempts to raise awareness of the challenges in DI-ILD and discusses the current clinical landscape.

The Association of Baseline Plasma SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen Level and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Background: Levels of plasma SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen may be an important biomarker in patients with COVID-19 and enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate whether levels of plasma antigen can predict short-term clinical outcomes and identify clinical and viral factors associated with plasma antigen levels in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2.

Design: Cross-sectional study of baseline plasma antigen level from 2540 participants enrolled in the TICO (Therapeutics for Inpatients With COVID-19) platform trial from August 2020 to November 2021, with additional data on day 5 outcome and time to discharge.

Efficacy and Safety of Ensovibep for Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Ensovibep (MP0420) is a designed ankyrin repeat protein, a novel class of engineered proteins, under investigation as a treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: To investigate if ensovibep, in addition to remdesivir and other standard care, improves clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with standard care alone.

Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Prevention of Acute Postoperative Pain in Breast Cancer: A Comparison between Opioids versus Ketamine in the Intraoperatory Analgesia.

Background: Acute postoperative pain (APP) has a high incidence in breast surgery, and opioids are the most commonly used drugs for its management; however, they are not free from systemic side effects, which may increase comorbidity. In the past few years, opioid-free anaesthesia has been favoured with promising results.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study including 71 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery.

Importance of Doppler ultrasound in vaginal foreign body: case report and review of the literature.

The aim of this paper is to describe the distinctive ultrasound findings of a case of vaginal bleeding caused by the presence of a foreign body. We present the case of an infant who consulted for vaginal bleeding and foul-smelling discharge. The ultrasound revealed signs of vaginal distension due to heterogeneous-hematic contents and parietal thickening.

Intussusception due to intramural jejunal splenosis.

Splenosis is defined as the growth of ectopic splenic tissue, due to its direct seeding, usually seen after traumatic or surgical procedures to the spleen. It often occurs on highly vascularized surfaces such as the omentum or the mesentery, and grows in sessile form, supplied by adjacent vessels. Intestinal splenosis with endoluminal extension is extremely rare.

Expert consensus on the management of adverse events and prescribing practices associated with the treatment of patients taking pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Delphi consensus study.

Background: In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treated with pirfenidone (Esbriet®, Genentech USA, Inc. South San Francisco, CA.), effectively managing treatment-related adverse events (AEs) may improve adherence.

Concomitant Interstitial Lung Disease with Psoriasis.

Background: We encounter interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients with psoriasis. The aim of this case series was to examine clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with concomitant psoriasis and ILD.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of our institutional experience of ILD concomitant with psoriasis, from the database in the Advanced Lung/Interstitial Lung Disease Program at the Mount Sinai Hospital.

Acute exacerbations of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.

Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Numerous studies have documented acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but less is known about these events in other ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype. We propose defining acute exacerbation as an acute, clinically significant respiratory deterioration, typically less than 1 month in duration, together with computerised tomography imaging showing new bilateral glass opacity and/or consolidation superimposed on a background pattern consistent with fibrosing ILDs.

An Open-Label, Phase II Study of the Safety of Pirfenidone in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (PIPF-002).

Introduction: PIPF-002 was a phase 2, multicenter, open-label study of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or other types of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). PIPF-002 terminated after pirfenidone became commercially available in the United States. The goal of PIPF-002 was to characterize the long-term safety of pirfenidone in these patients.

Pirfenidone safety and adverse event management in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Pirfenidone is one of two approved therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Randomised controlled clinical trials and subsequent analyses have demonstrated that pirfenidone reduces lung function decline, decreases mortality and improves progression-free survival. Long-term extension trials, registries and real-world studies have also shown similar treatment effects with pirfenidone.

Elevated serum D-dimer level is associated with an increased risk of acute exacerbation in interstitial lung disease.

Background: Early recognition of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who have an increased risk of developing acute exacerbation (AE) or preclinical AE may be clinically useful, since AE is associated with poor outcome and preventive measures would be of interest to ILD researchers. This study evaluated the relationship between elevated serum D-dimer level (≥0.4 mcg/mL) and subsequent AE or preclinical AE in patients with ILD.

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: a radiology-pathology correlation based on the revised 2013 American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society classification system.

The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are a group of diffuse lung diseases that share many similar radiologic and pathologic features. According to the revised 2013 American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society classification system, these entities are now divided into major IIPs (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and acute interstitial pneumonia), rare IIPs (idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis), and unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Some of the encountered radiologic and histologic patterns can also be seen in the setting of other disorders, which makes them a diagnostic challenge.

Spectrum of fibrosing diffuse parenchymal lung disease.

The interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium. In 2002, the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society revised the classification of interstitial lung diseases and introduced the term diffuse parenchymal lung disease. The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are a subtype of diffuse parenchymal lung disease.

Cardiac sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with a favorable prognosis, high remission rate, and low mortality. Cardiac involvement alters this prognosis. Clinical manifestations most commonly include arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and congestive heart failure.

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: an unrecognized or misdiagnosed entity?

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is a rare recently described entity likely to be under- and misdiagnosed, as awareness of this entity is not yet widespread. We report two cases that show the need to include this disease in the differential diagnosis of patients with predominantly pleural and subpleural fibrotic processes. The condition is a fibrotic thickening of the pleura and subpleural parenchyma due to elastic fiber proliferation predominantly in the upper lobes.

Results of 188 whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans in 137 patients with sarcoidosis.

Background: To study the role of whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans in the identification of occult biopsy sites and reversible granulomatous disease in patients with sarcoidosis.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of 188 FDG PET scans performed in 137 patients with proven sarcoidosis. All patients had given a complete medical history and undergone a physical examination, standard chest radiograph, spirometry, diffusing capacity determination, and measurement of serum angiotensin-converting enzymes levels.

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic sarcoidosis.

The presence of granulomas in the liver raises consideration of a wide differential diagnosis, but in most Western series, sarcoidosis accounts for a majority of cases. This review will focus specifically on the diagnosis of and therapy for hepatic sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology.

Distinctive clinical, radiographic, and functional characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis-related pulmonary hypertension.

Study Objective: To differentiate the clinical, radiographic, and physiologic profile in patients with sarcoidosis with and without pulmonary hypertension.

Design: Retrospective survey.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Sarcoidosis presenting in patients older than 50 years.

Background: Sarcoidosis occurs most often between 20 and 40 years of age, but also presents in children and older adults. Newly diagnosed sarcoidosis in older patients has received little attention. In order to characterize sarcoidosis in older patients, the clinical, radiographic and laboratory features of sarcoidosis presenting in patients aged 50 or older were compared to patients whose sarcoidosis was diagnosed at an earlier age.

Donor-acquired sarcoidosis.

"Donor-acquired sarcoidosis" is defined as the development of sarcoidosis in presumably naïve (non-sarcoidosis) transplant recipients who have received tissues or organs from donors who were not known or suspected to have active sarcoidosis. In reviewing the literature up until September of 1999, we found four publications describing a total of eight organs or tissues donated by subjects with sarcoidosis. These are the basis for this review.