Correction: Alfano et al. A Review of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors from the Developers' Perspectives. 2020, , 6819.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

A Wearable Low-Power Sensing Platform for Environmental and Health Monitoring: The Convergence Project.

The low-power sensing platform proposed by the Convergence project is foreseen as a wireless, low-power and multifunctional wearable system empowered by energy-efficient technologies. This will allow meeting the strict demands of life-style and healthcare applications in terms of autonomy for quasi-continuous collection of data for early-detection strategies. The system is compatible with different kinds of sensors, able to monitor not only health indicators of individual person (physical activity, core body temperature and biomarkers) but also the environment with chemical composition of the ambient air (NO, CO, NH particles) returning meaningful information on his/her exposure to dangerous (safety) or pollutant agents.

A Review of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors from the Developers' Perspectives.

The concerns related to particulate matter's health effects alongside the increasing demands from citizens for more participatory, timely, and diffused air quality monitoring actions have resulted in increasing scientific and industrial interest in low-cost particulate matter sensors (LCPMS). In the present paper, we discuss 50 LCPMS models, a number that is particularly meaningful when compared to the much smaller number of models described in other recent reviews on the same topic. After illustrating the basic definitions related to particulate matter (PM) and its measurements according to international regulations, the device's operating principle is presented, focusing on a discussion of the several characterization methodologies proposed by various research groups, both in the lab and in the field, along with their possible limitations.

Toxicological effects of transition metal-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on goldfish (Carassius auratus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The aim of present study was to assess the toxicological effects of transition metal-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) on histopathological changes, behavioral patterns, and antioxidant responses of goldfish (Carassius auratus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible, and Vibration Sample Magnetometer. Fish in four experimental groups exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pure TiO NPs (10 mg L), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) doped TiO NPs for seven days.

Early ecotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticle chronic exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis revealed by transcription of apoptosis and antioxidant-related genes.

Recently, China became one of the largest nanomaterial markets in the world. The wide use of ZnO nanoparticles in a number of products implies an increasing release in marine environment and consequently the evaluation of the potential effects upon marine organisms largely cultured in China for commercial purposes, such as invertebrate bivalves is a current need. To this aim, survival, bioaccumulation, and transcription pattern of key genes, p53, PDRP, SOD, CAT, and GST, involved in DNA damage/repair and antioxidation, in Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland, exposed to ZnO NPs (<100 nm) and ZnO bulk (150-200 nm) for 4 weeks, were evaluated.

Different sizes of ZnO diversely affected the cytogenesis of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.

Today nanoparticles (NPs) have many applications in commercial products due to their small size and peculiar properties that, conversely, make them potentially toxic for humans and the environment. ZnO NPs are largely used in many personal care products, such as sunscreens and cosmetics. In this study the cytotoxic effects of ZnO particles with different sizes (ZnO Bulk, >100nm; ZnO NPs, 100nm and ZnO NPs, 14nm) upon the first developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, are evaluated.

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications.

The sp carbon-based allotropes have been extensively exploited for the realization of gas sensors in the recent years because of their high conductivity and large specific surface area. A study on graphene that was synthetized by means of a novel transfer-free fabrication approach and is employed as sensing material is herein presented. Multilayer graphene was deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) mediated by CMOS-compatible Mo.

Effects of graphene defects on gas sensing properties towards NO detection.

The crystal structure of graphene flakes is expected to significantly affect their sensing properties. Here we report an experimental investigation on the crystalline structure of graphene aimed at exploring the effects on the gas sensing properties. The morphology of graphene, prepared via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Liquid Phase Exfoliation (LPE) and Mechanical Exfoliation (ME), is inspected through Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Electronic Noses for Composites Surface Contamination Detection in Aerospace Industry.

The full exploitation of Composite Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) in so-called design is still limited by the lack of adequate quality assurance procedures for checking the adhesive bonding assembly, especially in load-critical primary structures. In this respect, contamination of the CFRP panel surface is of significant concern since it may severely affect the bonding and the mechanical properties of the joint. During the last years, the authors have developed and tested an electronic nose as a non-destructive tool for pre-bonding surface inspection for contaminants detection, identification and quantification.

Comparative toxicity of nano ZnO and bulk ZnO towards marine algae Tetraselmis suecica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

The wide use of ZnO nanoparticles in a number of products implies an increasing release into the marine environment, resulting in the need to evaluate the potential effects upon organisms, and particularly phytoplankton, being at the base of the throphic chain. To this aim, dose-response curves for the green alga Tetraselmis suecica and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum derived from the exposure to nano ZnO (100 nm) were evaluated and compared with those obtained for bulk ZnO (200 nm) and ionic zinc. The toxic effects to both algae species were reported as no observable effect concentration (NOEC) of growth inhibition and as 1, 10, and 50% effect concentrations (EC1, EC10, and EC50).

Embryotoxicity and spermiotoxicity of nanosized ZnO for Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.

The effect of nano ZnO (nZnO) upon the fertilization and early development of embryos of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus is reported herein for the first time. Zn ion (ZnCl2) and bulk ZnO (bZnO) toxicity were assessed for comparison. The embryotoxicity tests showed a 100% effect already at 1 μM of nZnO (expressed as [Zn]) while bZnO and ZnCl2 showed EC50s of 0.

Toxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles towards marine algae Dunaliella tertiolecta.

Dose response curve and population growth rate alterations of marine Chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta derived from the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated. Bulk ZnO and ionic zinc were also investigated for comparison. At the same time, the aggregation state and particle size distribution were monitored.

Geographical origin of durum wheat studied by 1H-NMR profiling.

(1)H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to detect metabolic profiles of wheat flour samples of different geographical and botanical origin. The NMR profiles were analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques in order to establish the origin of the samples. A linear model, able to discriminate among three different locations, was built achieving a prediction level of about 80% of correctly assigned samples.

Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles' ecotoxicological effects towards different soil organisms.

Introduction: Nanomaterials have widespread applications in several industrial sectors. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most commonly used metal oxide NPs in personal care products, coating and paints. However, their potential toxicological impact on the environment is largely unexplored.