Time-of-Flight PET/CT Imaging of Ga-68-Dotatate: Normal Pattern, SUV Quantification, and Differences from Non-Time-of-Flight Imaging.

 The biodistribution of gallium-68-dotatate (Ga-68-dotatate) and standardized uptake values (SUVs) using non-time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) cameras is well established. However, with the eventual retirement of older PET cameras and their replacement with newer, highly sensitive TOF PET/CT cameras, where SUV measurements are reportedly higher, updated knowledge of normal SUV range is needed and, to our knowledge, not previously reported. Our objectives are as follows: To establish normal Ga-68-dotatate TOF SUV database for common structures and to aid the visual detection of abnormalities objectively.

Prospective Evaluation of F-DCFPyL PET/CT in Detection of High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Comparison With mpMRI.

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of PET with (2)-2-[[(1)-1-carboxy-5-[(6-(F)fluoranylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]pentyl]carbamoylamino]pentanedioic acid (F-DCFPyL), a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracer, in the detection of high-risk localized prostate cancer as compared with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). This HIPAA-compliant prospective study included 26 consecutive patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer (median age, 69.5 years [range, 53-81 years]; median prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, 18.

F-DCFPyL PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Primary Local Therapy.

Our objective was to investigate the lesion detection rate of F-DCFPyL PET/CT, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET agent, in patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer after primary local therapy. This was a prospective institutional review board-approved study of 90 patients with documented biochemical recurrence (median prostate-specific antigen [PSA], 2.5 ng/mL; range, 0.

F-Sodium fluoride PET/CT predicts overall survival in patients with advanced genitourinary malignancies treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without ipilimumab.

Purpose: We evaluated the prognostic value of F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/CT in patients with urological malignancies treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without ipilimumab.

Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with advanced urological malignancies into a phase I trial of cabozantinib plus nivolumab with or without ipilimumab. NaF PET/CT scans were performed pre- and 8 weeks post-treatment.

Clinical impact of PSMA-based F-DCFBC PET/CT imaging in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after primary local therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to assess F-DCFBC PET/CT, a PSMA targeted PET agent, for lesion detection and clinical management of biochemical relapse in prostate cancer patients after primary treatment.

Methods: This is a prospective IRB-approved study of 68 patients with documented biochemical recurrence after primary local therapy consisting of radical prostatectomy (n = 50), post radiation therapy (n = 9) or both (n = 9), with negative conventional imaging. All 68 patients underwent whole-body F-DCFBC PET/CT, and 62 also underwent mpMRI within one month.

Positron emission tomography (PET) in primary prostate cancer staging and risk assessment.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the few neoplasms that are not well served by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). As a result, a number of PET tracers have been developed to target particular biological features of PCa. Such agents can be used for diagnosis, staging, identification of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and evaluation of metastatic disease.

Imaging Locally Advanced, Recurrent, and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Review.

Importance: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. The course of prostate cancer is highly variable, and timely and accurate detection of clinically significant cancer is critical in positively affecting outcomes.

Observations: Molecular imaging methods and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most promising new developments for prostate tumor visualization.

PET/CT imaging of renal cell carcinoma with (18)F-VM4-037: a phase II pilot study.

Background: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is a potential imaging biomarker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we report the results of a phase II clinical trial of a small molecule radiotracer targeting CA-IX ((18)F-VM4-037) in ccRCC.

Methods: Between October 2012 and May 2013, 11 patients with kidney masses underwent (18)F-VM4-037 PET/CT prior to surgery.

Does focal incidental 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake in the prostate have significance?

Purpose: (18)F-FDG PET/CT is used to characterize many malignancies, but is not recommended for localized prostate cancer. This study explores the value of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in characterizing incidental prostate (18)F-FDG uptake.

Methods: Thirty-one patients who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT for reasons unrelated to prostate cancer and prostate mpMRI were eligible for this retrospective study.

A Phase II Study of Sorafenib Combined With Cetuximab in EGFR-Expressing, KRAS-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Mutations in the KRAS gene predict for resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies, including cetuximab. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A has been implicated in resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. Abrogation of the VEGF and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways has the potential to restore cetuximab sensitivity.

A pilot study of the value of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-thymidine PET/CT in predicting viable lymphoma in residual 18F-FDG avid masses after completion of therapy.

Background: Despite its success in diagnosing and staging lymphoma, F-FDG PET/CT can be falsely positive in areas of posttreatment inflammation. 3'-F-fluoro-3'-deoxy-l-thymidine (F-FLT) is a structural analog of the DNA constituent thymidine; its uptake correlates with cellular proliferation. This pilot study evaluates the ability of F-FLT PET/CT to distinguish viable lymphoma from posttreatment inflammatory changes in F-FDG avid residual masses.

Meeting the challenges of PET-based molecular imaging in cancer.

As personalized medicine becomes a reality, there is a need for specific imaging agents that reflect molecular characteristics of a cancer. Fluorodeoxyglucose is an important advance because of its sensitivity. Newer molecular imaging probes offer higher specificity and are categorized as: radiolabeled biomimetics; antibody-antibody fragments and drug-drug-like compounds.

Functional and molecular imaging of localized and recurrent prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among American men. Imaging of localized and recurrent prostate cancer is challenging since conventional imaging techniques are limited. New imaging techniques such as multiparametric MRI and PET with targeted tracers have been investigated extensively in the last decade.

11C-Acetate PET/CT in localized prostate cancer: a study with MRI and histopathologic correlation.

Unlabelled: This work characterizes the uptake of (11)C-acetate in prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostate hyperplasia, and normal prostate tissue in comparison with multiparametric MRI, whole-mount histopathology, and clinical markers to evaluate the potential utility of (11)C-acetate for delineating intraprostatic tumors in a population of patients with localized PCa.

Methods: Thirty-nine men with presumed localized PCa underwent dynamic-static abdominal-pelvic (11)C-acetate PET/CT for 30 min and 3-T multiparametric MRI before prostatectomy. PET/CT images were registered to MR images using pelvic bones for initial rotation-translation, followed by manual adjustments to account for prostate motion and deformation from the MRI endorectal coil.

Review of functional/anatomical imaging in oncology.

Patient management in oncology increasingly relies on imaging for diagnosis, response assessment, and follow-up. The clinical availability of combined functional/anatomical imaging modalities, which integrate the benefits of visualizing tumor biology with those of high-resolution structural imaging, revolutionized clinical management of oncologic patients. Conventional high-resolution anatomical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and MRI excel at providing details on lesion location, size, morphology, and structural changes to adjacent tissues; however, these modalities provide little insight into tumor physiology.