Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus Testing: Acceptability in a U.S. Safety Net Health System.

Introduction: Self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing is increasingly recognized as a strategy to expand cervical cancer screening access and utilization. Acceptability is a key determinant of uptake. This study assesses the acceptability of and experiences with mailed self-sampling kits for human papillomavirus testing among underscreened patients in a safety net health system.

Health equity in action: using community-engaged research to update an intervention promoting a healthy home food environment to Black/African American families.

Purpose: Describe the method for conducting community-engaged research to identify needed changes for an existing evidence-based intervention, and prepare it for implementation in a community setting within the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center catchment area in an effort to achieve more equitable outcomes in diet-related disease risk factors.

Methods: The intervention, Family Eats, was developed over 10 years ago. It works directly with parents of Black/African American 9-12 year old children to create a healthy home food environment to support prevention of obesity and related cancers.

Gender Differences in Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management Among Hispanics: The Mediating Role of Perceived Support and Depressive Symptoms.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which perceived support and depressive symptoms might interfere with Hispanic patients' ability to manage their diabetes and whether these effects vary by gender.

Methods: Data were collected from a cohort of 232 Hispanic men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conditional process analysis was used to test a moderated mediation model of the time-lagged processes associating gender, diabetes support, and depressive symptoms with reported self-efficacy after 3 months.

The Texas collaborative center for hepatocellular cancer: Reducing liver cancer mortality in Texas through coordination, collaboration and advocacy.

Texas has the highest age-adjusted incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States. To address cancer prevention and early detection through research, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) has funded the Texas Collaborative Center for Hepatocellular Cancer (TeCH) to facilitate liver cancer research, education and advocacy activities. This paper describes the organizational structure, program measures, the actions completed and future plans of TeCH.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Middle Schools in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.

This quasi-experimental study (a community-based, physician-led human papillomavirus [HPV] education campaign and school-based vaccination program) followed 6481 students at eight Pharr-San Juan-Alamo Independent School District (Rio Grande Valley, Texas) middle schools between August 2016 and March 2021. We describe the successes and challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates increased 1.

Psychosocial Contributors to Depressive Symptoms in Hispanic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify psychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms in Hispanic patients with diabetes and explore the extent to which their effects may vary by gender and acculturation.

Methods: The authors completed a secondary analysis of data from 247 Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. Gender and language groups were compared using chi-square and tests.

Human papillomavirus awareness among foreign- and US-born Hispanics, United States, 2017-2018.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness are known to be lower among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites. However, Hispanics in the US are a non-homogenous population, with significant differences by nativity, particularly between the US-and foreign-born individuals. We examined HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among foreign-born Hispanics, US-born Hispanics, and US-born non-Hispanic whites.

Adolescent electronic cigarette counselling: knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers among clinical staff in a primary care setting.

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers (KAP) regarding e-cigarette use counselling among adolescent healthcare clinical staff in an urban system, and to compare results between providers and rooming staff.

Methods: Primary care clinical staff (n = 169) completed an anonymous survey. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to summarize data and compare KAP between medical providers and rooming staff.

Incomplete Records as a Leading Cause of Missed Opportunity for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation in a Safety Net Health System.

Objective: The goal of this study was to categorize reasons behind missed opportunities for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation in an under-resourced population and to identify associated patient and clinic characteristics.

Methods: Manual chart review was performed for patients aged 11 to 18 years who visited a primary care clinic in a health system in Texas, USA between 06/01/18 and 08/31/18 and were due for an initial HPV vaccine dose but did not receive it. Reasons for HPV vaccine noninitiation were categorized as follows: incomplete immunization record, no documentation of discussion (no documentation that the HPV vaccine was offered or ordered), refusal, staff/provider error, and medical.

Mailed self-sample HPV testing kits to improve cervical cancer screening in a safety net health system: protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial.

Background: Almost 20% of U.S. women remain at risk for cervical cancer due to their inability or unwillingness to participate in periodic clinic-based screening.

Impact of Colonoscopy Preparation Video on Boston Bowel Preparation Scale Score.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer among women. Early detection of localized adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyps helps reduce the mortality related to colon cancer. According to the American Gastroenterological Association, colonoscopy (CSPY) is the gold standard in screening for CRC.

An entertainment-education colorectal cancer screening decision aid for African American patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates for African American patients remain suboptimal. Patient decision aids designed with an entertainment-education approach have been shown to improve saliency and foster informed decision making. The purpose of this study was to assess whether an entertainment-education decision aid tailored for African American patients improved patients' decision making, attitudes, intentions, or colorectal cancer screening behavior.

Incorporating Cultural Sensitivity into Interactive Entertainment-Education for Diabetes Self-Management Designed for Hispanic Audiences.

Diabetes self-management education can improve outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, Hispanics, a group that carries a large burden of disease, may not participate in diabetes education programs. Audience engagement with entertainment-education has been associated with improved health education outcomes and may engage and empower Hispanic users to active self-care.

Hispanic Acculturation and Gender Differences in Support and Self-Efficacy for Managing Diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived support, social norms, and their association with self-efficacy varied by gender and language-based acculturation in Hispanic men and women with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline survey data from a randomized control trial. Participants were 248 Hispanic patients from 4 community health centers who participated in a culturally targeted intervention for diabetes management.

Social factors and barriers to self-care adherence in Hispanic men and women with diabetes.

Objective: To explore quantitatively the extent to which social support, social norms and barriers are associated with self-efficacy and self-care adherence in Hispanic patients with diabetes and the extent to which these differ for men and women.

Methods: Baseline survey data were collected from 248 low-SES, Hispanic men and women who were participants in a randomized controlled trial of a culturally targeted intervention for diabetes management. Student's t, Pearson correlations and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.

Feasibility of Cervical Cancer Screening Utilizing Self-sample Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Mexican Immigrant Women in Harris County, Texas: A Pilot Study.

Here we evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of self-sample human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (self-HPV) among a sample of predominantly Mexican immigrant women who never or sporadically attend for Pap testing. Immigrant women who had not had a Pap test in the past 3 years (n = 100) were recruited. Participants self-collected a cervical sample for HPV testing.

Implementing targeted cervical cancer screening videos at the point of care.

Objective: To develop and implement educational videos to improve cervical cancer health literacy for patients within a safety net healthcare system.

Methods: Testimonial-style videos were developed with the goal of describing the Pap test to low literacy patients and motivating them to participate in regular cervical cancer screening. Nurses were trained to use the electronic medical record to identify patients due or past due for a Pap test according to the current screening guidelines.

A novel colorectal and cervical cancer education program: findings from the community network for cancer prevention Forum Theater program.

Medically underserved populations continue to be disproportionately burdened by cancer. The exact reason for this disparity has not been fully elucidated, but likely involves multiple factors. We explored the potential utility of a novel community-based cancer education program called Forum Theater (FT), aimed at raising awareness about colorectal (CRC) and cervical cancer (CxC) screening among African-American, Hispanic, and Vietnamese populations.

Do personal stories make patient decision aids more effective? A critical review of theory and evidence.

Background: Patient decision aids support people to make informed decisions between healthcare options. Personal stories provide illustrative examples of others' experiences and are seen as a useful way to communicate information about health and illness. Evidence indicates that providing information within personal stories affects the judgments and values people have, and the choices they make, differentially from facts presented in non-narrative prose.

Promoting knowledge of statins in patients with low health literacy using an audio booklet.

Background: Statins are generally well tolerated and effective at reducing a patient's risk of both primary and secondary cardiovascular events. Many patients who would benefit from statin therapy either do not adhere to or stop taking their statin medication within the first year. We developed an audio booklet targeted to low health literacy patients to teach them about the benefits and risks of statins to help the patients adhere to their statin therapy.

Caregiver symptom burden: the risk of caring for an underserved patient with advanced cancer.

Background: The growing diversity of the population of the United States and the high burden of cancer-related symptoms reflect the need for caregiver research within underserved groups. In this longitudinal study, the authors assessed changes in symptom severity in caregivers and underserved minority patients diagnosed with advanced solid tumors who were being treated at public hospitals.

Methods: A total of 85 matched patient-caregiver dyads completed the M.

Entertainment education for breast cancer surgery decisions: a randomized trial among patients with low health literacy.

Objective: To evaluate an entertainment-based patient decision aid for early stage breast cancer surgery in low health literacy patients.

Methods: Newly diagnosed female patients with early stage breast cancer from two public hospitals were randomized to receive an entertainment-based decision aid for breast cancer treatment along with usual care (intervention arm) or to receive usual care only (control arm). Pre-decision (baseline), pre-surgery, and 1-year follow-up assessments were conducted.

Adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors in English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanic men.

We conducted a qualitative study to elicit attitudes, attributions, and self-efficacy related to diabetes self-care in both English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanic men. Transcripts from six focus groups (three in English and three in Spanish) were reviewed by the authors to extract principal and secondary themes. Participants could describe their medication and lifestyle regimens and were aware of whether they were adherent or nonadherent to physician recommendations.

Entertainment education for prostate cancer screening: a randomized trial among primary care patients with low health literacy.

Objective: To evaluate an entertainment-based patient decision aid for prostate cancer screening among patients with low or high health literacy.

Methods: Male primary care patients from two clinical sites, one characterized as serving patients with low health literacy (n=149) and the second as serving patients with high health literacy (n=301), were randomized to receive an entertainment-based decision aid for prostate cancer screening or an audiobooklet-control aid with the same learner content but without the entertainment features. Postintervention and 2-week follow-up assessments were conducted.

Utilizing computerized entertainment education in the development of decision aids for lower literate and naïve computer users.

Decision aids have been developed by using various delivery methods, including interactive computer programs. Such programs, however, still rely heavily on written information, health and digital literacy, and reading ease. We describe an approach to overcome these potential barriers for low-literate, underserved populations by making design considerations for poor readers and naïve computer users and by using concepts from entertainment education to engage the user and to contextualize the content for the user.