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<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">39674279</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2529-8496</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2024</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>12</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Neurocirugia (English Edition)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Robotic spine surgery: Technical note and descriptive analysis of the first 40 cases.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S2529-8496(24)00080-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.neucie.2024.12.002</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The global incidence of spinal pathology is increasing due to the progressive aging of the population and increased life expectancy. Vertebral fixation with transpedicular screws is the most commonly used technique in unstable or potentially unstable pathologies. There are different implantation methods, the most recently developed being implantation guided by robotic navigation.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We describe the technical aspects and the different workflows available with the ExcelsiusGPS&#xae; robotic navigation system (GlobusMedical, Inc, Audubon, PA, USA), as well as the results of the first 40 patients operated on at the Hospital Universitario la Paz between July 2023 and February 2024.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">A total of 250 screws were implanted at the thoracic and lumbar levels. 12 patients underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS) (30%) and 28 patients underwent open surgery (70%). The median number of screws implanted per patient was 6.00 (4.00-6.00). The intraoperative malpositioning rate was 2.5% (1 case). The median duration of surgery was 143.00&#x202f;minutes (113.00-165.50). The median hospital stay was 4.00 days (3.00-5.50). The median intraoperative radiation delivered was 899&#x202f;mGy/cm<sup>2</sup> (523.25-1595.00). The median blood loss was 150.00&#x202f;ml (100.00-300.00) and the blood transfusion rate was 0%.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Compared to conventional techniques, Robotic spine surgery increases accuracy to 96-100% and reduces the radiation dose received by the patient and surgical team. In addition, it allows the implantation of larger screws, which has been associated with increased biomechanical strength and reduced risk of loosening. Initially, it may involve an increase in total surgical time, but this is reduced once the learning curve is reached, around 40 cases.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">ExcelsiusGPS&#xae; is the most recent robot model on the market and different studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in different techniques and indications. Unlike other robotic systems used exclusively in dorsolumbar spine pathology, it can be used in the pathology of the entire spinal axis (from C1 to the sacrum) and brain pathology (deep electrode implantation, brain biopsy, SEEG, among others).</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2024 Sociedad Espa&#xf1;ola de Neurocirug&#xed;a. Published by Elsevier Espa&#xf1;a, S.L.U. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodr&#xed;guez Dom&#xed;nguez</LastName><ForeName>V&#xed;ctor</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vitivalde_11@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bedia Cadelo</LastName><ForeName>Jorge</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giner Garc&#xed;a</LastName><ForeName>Javier</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vivancos S&#xe1;nchez</LastName><ForeName>Catalina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isla Guerrero</LastName><ForeName>Alberto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2024</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>12</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Spain</Country><MedlineTA>Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101778588</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2529-8496</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cirug&#xed;a rob&#xf3;tica de columna</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Columna vertebral</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurocirug&#xed;a rob&#xf3;tica</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neuronavegaci&#xf3;n</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neuronavigation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Robotic neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Robotic spine surgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Tornillos transpediculares</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Transpedicular screws</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest This study has received no specific funding from public, private or non-profit organisations. None of the investigators participating in the study received any financial benefits or funding.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2024</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2024</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>41</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2024</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>41</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2024</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>19</Hour><Minute>13</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">39674279</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.neucie.2024.12.002</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2529-8496(24)00080-7</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">39453385</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1528-1159</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2024</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Sex Differences in Patient-rated Outcomes After Lumbar Spinal Fusion for Degenerative Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1097/BRS.0000000000005183</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="STUDY DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Heterogeneous data collection via a mix of prospective, retrospective, and ambispective methods.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To evaluate the effect of biological sex on patient-reported outcomes after spinal fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative disease.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Current literature suggests sex differences regarding clinical outcome after spine surgery may exist. Substantial methodological heterogeneity and limited comparability of studies warrants further investigation of sex-related differences in treatment outcomes.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We analyzed patients who underwent spinal fusion with or without pedicle screw insertion for lumbar degenerative disease included within a multinational study, comprising patients from 11 centers in 7 countries. Absolute values and change scores (change from pe-operative baseline to post-operative follow-up) for 12-month functional impairment (Oswestry disability index [ODI]) and back and leg pain severity (numeric rating scale [NRS]) were compared between male and female patients. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was defined as &gt; 30% improvement.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Six-hundred-sixty (59%) of 1115 included patients were female. Female patients presented with significantly baseline ODI (51.5 &#xb1; 17.2 vs. 47.8 &#xb1; 17.9, P&lt;0.001) and back pain (6.96 &#xb1; 2.32 vs. 6.60 &#xb1; 2.30, P=0.010) and leg pain (6.49 &#xb1; 2.76 vs. 6.01 &#xb1; 2.76, P=0.005). At 12-months, female patients still reported significantly higher ODI (22.76 &#xb1; 16.97 vs. 20.50 &#xb1; 16.10, P=0.025), but not higher back (3.13 &#xb1; 2.38 vs. 3.00 &#xb1; 2.40, P=0.355) or leg pain (2.62 &#xb1; 2.55 vs. .34 &#xb1; 2.43, P=0.060). Change scores at 12 months did not differ significantly among male and female patients in ODI (&#x2206; 1.31, 95% CI -3.88-1.25, P=0.315), back (&#x2206; 0.22, 95% CI -0.57-0.12, P=0.197) and leg pain (&#x2206; 0.16, 95% CI -0.56-0.24, P=0.439). MCID at 12-months was achieved in 330 (77.5%) male patients and 481 (76.3%) female patients (P=0.729) for ODI.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Both sexes experienced a similar benefit from surgery in terms of relative improvement in scores for functional impairment and pain. Although female patients reported a higher degree of functional impairment and pain preoperatively, at 12 months only their average scores for functional impairment remained higher than those for their male counterparts, while absolute pain scores were similar for female and male patients.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ciobanu-Caraus</LastName><ForeName>Olga</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0082-2026</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grob</LastName><ForeName>Alexandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rohr</LastName><ForeName>Jonas</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stumpo</LastName><ForeName>Vittorio</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ricciardi</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maldaner</LastName><ForeName>Nicolai</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eversdijk</LastName><ForeName>Hubert A J</ForeName><Initials>HAJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vieli</LastName><ForeName>Moira</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raco</LastName><ForeName>Antonino</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miscusi</LastName><ForeName>Massimo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perna</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Orthopedics Foundation Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Proietti</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head-Neck Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lofrese</LastName><ForeName>Giorgio</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dughiero</LastName><ForeName>Michele</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cultrera</LastName><ForeName>Francesco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>D'Andrea</LastName><ForeName>Marcello</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>An</LastName><ForeName>Seong Bae</ForeName><Initials>SB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ha</LastName><ForeName>Yoon</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amelot</LastName><ForeName>Aymeric</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Piti&#xe9; Salp&#xe9;tri&#xe8;re Hospital, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Spine Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cadelo</LastName><ForeName>Jorge Bedia</ForeName><Initials>JB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vi&#xf1;uela-Prieto</LastName><ForeName>Jose M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Girod</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Pascal</ForeName><Initials>PP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Vienna Healthcare Network / Landstrasse Municipial Hospital, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lener</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>K&#xf6;gl</LastName><ForeName>Nikolaus</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abramovic</LastName><ForeName>Anto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laux</LastName><ForeName>Christoph J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Farshad</LastName><ForeName>Mazda</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Riordan</LastName><ForeName>Dave</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Center Division, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loibl</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Spine Surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Galbusera</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Center Division, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mannion</LastName><ForeName>Anne F</ForeName><Initials>AF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Center Division, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scerrati</LastName><ForeName>Alba</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Bonis</LastName><ForeName>Pasquale</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Molliqaj</LastName><ForeName>Granit</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, HUG Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tessitore</LastName><ForeName>Enrico</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, HUG Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schr&#xf6;der</LastName><ForeName>Marc L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery &amp; Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen &amp; Medical School of St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brandi</LastName><ForeName>Giovanna</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Regli</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Serra</LastName><ForeName>Carlo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Staartjes</LastName><ForeName>Victor E</ForeName><Initials>VE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1039-2098</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience &amp; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7610646</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0362-2436</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CoiStatement>Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the article and its content were composed in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2024</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2024</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>3</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>24</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>24</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2024</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>10</Hour><Minute>53</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">39453385</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1097/BRS.0000000000005183</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">00007632-990000000-00820</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">38987513</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2024</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1432-0932</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>33</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2024</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur Spine J</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Multicenter external validation of prediction models for clinical outcomes after spinal fusion for lumbar degenerative disease.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>3534</StartPage><EndPage>3544</EndPage><MedlinePgn>3534-3544</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00586-024-08395-3</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Clinical prediction models (CPM), such as the SCOAP-CERTAIN tool, can be utilized to enhance decision-making for lumbar spinal fusion surgery by providing quantitative estimates of outcomes, aiding surgeons in assessing potential benefits and risks for each individual patient. External validation is crucial in CPM to assess generalizability beyond the initial dataset. This ensures performance in diverse populations, reliability and real-world applicability of the results. Therefore, we externally validated the tool for predictability of improvement in oswestry disability index (ODI), back and leg pain (BP, LP).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective and retrospective data from multicenter registry was obtained. As outcome measure minimum clinically important change was chosen for ODI with&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;15-point and&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;2-point reduction for numeric rating scales (NRS) for BP and LP 12&#xa0;months after lumbar fusion for degenerative disease. We externally validate this tool by calculating discrimination and calibration metrics such as intercept, slope, Brier Score, expected/observed ratio, Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL), AUC, sensitivity and specificity.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">We included 1115 patients, average age 60.8&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;12.5&#xa0;years. For 12-month ODI, area-under-the-curve (AUC) was 0.70, the calibration intercept and slope were 1.01 and 0.84, respectively. For NRS BP, AUC was 0.72, with calibration intercept of 0.97 and slope of 0.87. For NRS LP, AUC was 0.70, with calibration intercept of 0.04 and slope of 0.72. Sensitivity ranged from 0.63 to 0.96, while specificity ranged from 0.15 to 0.68. Lack of fit was found for all three models based on HL testing.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Utilizing data from a multinational registry, we externally validate the SCOAP-CERTAIN prediction tool. The model demonstrated fair discrimination and calibration of predicted probabilities, necessitating caution in applying it in clinical practice. We suggest that future CPMs focus on predicting longer-term prognosis for this patient population, emphasizing the significance of robust calibration and thorough reporting.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2024. 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Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>D'Andrea</LastName><ForeName>Marcello</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>An</LastName><ForeName>Seong Bae</ForeName><Initials>SB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ha</LastName><ForeName>Yoon</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amelot</LastName><ForeName>Aymeric</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Piti&#xe9; Salp&#xe9;tri&#xe8;re Hospital, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Spine Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bedia Cadelo</LastName><ForeName>Jorge</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vi&#xf1;uela-Prieto</LastName><ForeName>Jose M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Girod</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Pascal</ForeName><Initials>PP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Vienna Healthcare Network/ Municipial Hospital, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lener</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>K&#xf6;gl</LastName><ForeName>Nikolaus</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abramovic</LastName><ForeName>Anto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laux</LastName><ForeName>Christoph J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Farshad</LastName><ForeName>Mazda</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Riordan</LastName><ForeName>Dave</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Spine Center Division, Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loibl</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Spine Surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Galbusera</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Spine Center Division, Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mannion</LastName><ForeName>Anne F</ForeName><Initials>AF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Spine Center Division, Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scerrati</LastName><ForeName>Alba</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Bonis</LastName><ForeName>Pasquale</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Molliqaj</LastName><ForeName>Granit</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, HUG Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tessitore</LastName><ForeName>Enrico</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, HUG Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schr&#xf6;der</LastName><ForeName>Marc L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen and Medical School of St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Regli</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience and Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Serra</LastName><ForeName>Carlo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience and Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Staartjes</LastName><ForeName>Victor E</ForeName><Initials>VE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1039-2098</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience and Microsurgical Neuroanatomy (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. victoregon.staartjes@usz.ch.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D023361">Validation Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2024</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Eur Spine J</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9301980</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0940-6719</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013123" MajorTopicYN="Y">Spinal Fusion</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008159" MajorTopicYN="Y">Lumbar Vertebrae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004185" MajorTopicYN="N">Disability Evaluation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055959" MajorTopicYN="N">Intervertebral Disc Degeneration</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">External 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committee.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>102839</StartPage><MedlinePgn>102839</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">102839</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bas.2024.102839</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torregrossa</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peris-Celda</LastName><ForeName>Maria</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spiriev</LastName><ForeName>Toma</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoia</LastName><ForeName>Cesare</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Moriggia Pelascini, Gravedona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosos</LastName><ForeName>Evangelos</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salfort Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartek</LastName><ForeName>Jiri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden &amp; Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bauer</LastName><ForeName>Marlies</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 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Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Ospedale Niguarda, Milano, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohme</LastName><ForeName>Malte</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Motov</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwake</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stengel</LastName><ForeName>Felix</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Iacopino</LastName><ForeName>Gerardo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grasso</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xec;a-Gonz&#xe0;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Autonomous of Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meling</LastName><ForeName>Torstein R</ForeName><Initials>TR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raffa</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2024</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>23</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Brain Spine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9918470888906676</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2772-5294</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2024</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2024</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2024</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>43</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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One of the best-established predictive biomarker in IDH-wildtype GB is O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation (mMGMT), which is associated with improved treatment response and survival. However, current efforts to monitor GB patients through mMGMT detection have proven unsuccessful. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) hold potential as a key element that could revolutionize clinical practice by offering new possibilities for liquid biopsy. This study aimed to determine the utility of sEV-based liquid biopsy as a predictive biomarker and disease monitoring tool in patients with IDH-wildtype GB. Our findings show consistent results with tissue-based analysis, achieving a remarkable sensitivity of 85.7% for detecting mMGMT in liquid biopsy, the highest reported to date. Moreover, we suggested that liquid biopsy assessment of sEV-DNA could be a powerful tool for monitoring disease progression in IDH-wildtype GB patients. This study highlights the critical significance of overcoming molecular underdetection, which can lead to missed treatment opportunities and misdiagnoses, possibly resulting in ineffective therapies. The outcomes of our research significantly contribute to the field of sEV-DNA-based liquid biopsy, providing valuable insights into tumor tissue heterogeneity and establishing it as a promising tool for detecting GB biomarkers. These results have substantial implications for advancing predictive and therapeutic approaches in the context of GB and warrant further exploration and validation in clinical settings.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2024. 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Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodr&#xed;guez-Antol&#xed;n</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana 261, Edificio Bloque Quir&#xfa;rgico Planta-2, 28046, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Losantos-Garc&#xed;a</LastName><ForeName>Itsaso</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biostatistics Unit, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rubio</LastName><ForeName>Tania</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana 261, Edificio Bloque Quir&#xfa;rgico Planta-2, 28046, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moreno-Velasco</LastName><ForeName>Roc&#xed;o</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana 261, Edificio Bloque Quir&#xfa;rgico Planta-2, 28046, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esteban-Rodr&#xed;guez</LastName><ForeName>Isabel</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biomarkers and Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mart&#xed;nez-Mar&#xed;n</LastName><ForeName>Virginia</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yubero</LastName><ForeName>Paloma</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Costa-Fraga</LastName><ForeName>Nicolas</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Epigenomics Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), IDIS, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author 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Neuro Oncol.23(7), 1087&#x2013;1099 (2021).</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8673443</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33508126</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">38666069</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2772-5294</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>4</Volume><PubDate><Year>2024</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Brain &amp; spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Brain Spine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The prevalence of imposter syndrome among neurosurgeons in Europe: An EANS YNC survey.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>102816</StartPage><MedlinePgn>102816</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">102816</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bas.2024.102816</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Imposter syndrome (IS), characterized by persistent doubts about one's abilities and fear of exposure as a fraud, is a prevalent psychological condition, particularly impacting physicians. In neurosurgery, known for its competitiveness and demands, the prevalence of IS remains high.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESEARCH QUESTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Recognizing the limited literature on IS within the neurosurgical community, this European survey aimed to determine its prevalence among young neurosurgeons and identify associated factors.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIAL AND METHODS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The survey, conducted by the Young Neurosurgeon Committee of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, gathered responses from 232 participants. The survey included demographics, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Survey (CIPS), and an analysis of potential compensatory mechanisms.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Nearly 94% of respondents exhibited signs of IS, with the majority experiencing moderate (36.21%) or frequent (40.52%) symptoms. Analyses revealed associations between IS and factors such as level of experience, sex, and board-certification.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The findings suggest a significant prevalence of IS among young neurosurgeons, with notable associations with sex and level of experience. Compensatory mechanisms, such as working hours, article reading, and participation in events, did not show significant correlations with IS. Notably, male sex emerged as an independent protective factor against frequent/intense IS, while reading more than five articles per week was identified as a risk factor. The identification of protective and risk factors, particularly the influence of gender and reading habits, contributes valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate IS and improve the well-being of neurosurgeons.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2024 The Authors.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoia</LastName><ForeName>Cesare</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Moriggia Pelascini, Gravedona e Uniti, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital, St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zaed</LastName><ForeName>Ismail</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Menna</LastName><ForeName>Grazia</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartek</LastName><ForeName>Jiri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden &amp; Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bauer</LastName><ForeName>Marlies</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belo</LastName><ForeName>Diogo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosos</LastName><ForeName>Evangelos</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salfort Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Freyschlag</LastName><ForeName>Christian F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaprovoy</LastName><ForeName>Stanislav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Department of Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Department of International Affairs, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lepic</LastName><ForeName>Milan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Ospedale Niguarda, Milano, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohme</LastName><ForeName>Malte</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Motov</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital, St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwake</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spiriev</LastName><ForeName>Toma</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stengel</LastName><ForeName>Felix C</ForeName><Initials>FC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital, St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torregrossa</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, MN, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raffa</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonzalez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2024</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Brain Spine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9918470888906676</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2772-5294</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Burnout syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Imposter syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Imposterism</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Residency</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2024</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2024</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>9</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2024</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2024</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>57</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2024</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>56</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2024</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>4</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2024</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">38666069</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC11043838</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bas.2024.102816</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2772-5294(24)00072-9</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Addae-Konadu K, Carlson S, Janes J, Gecsi K, Stephenson-Fa my AB. 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Recent publications demonstrated that they are able to outperform participants in written medical exams.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESEARCH QUESTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">We aimed to explore the accuracy of AI in the written part of the EANS board exam.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIAL AND METHODS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Eighty-six representative single best answer (SBA) questions, included at least ten times in prior EANS board exams, were selected by the current EANS board exam committee. The questions' content was classified as 75 text-based (TB) and 11 image-based (IB) and their structure as 50 interpretation-weighted, 30 theory-based and 6 true-or-false. Questions were tested with Chat GPT 3.5, Bing and Bard. The AI and participant results were statistically analyzed through ANOVA tests with Stata SE 15 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). P-values of &lt;0.05 were considered as statistically significant.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The Bard LLM achieved the highest accuracy with 62% correct questions overall and 69% excluding IB, outperforming human exam participants 59% (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.67) and 59% (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.42), respectively. All LLMs scored highest in theory-based questions, excluding IB questions (Chat-GPT: 79%; Bing: 83%; Bard: 86%) and significantly better than the human exam participants (60%; p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.03). AI could not answer any IB question correctly.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">AI passed the written EANS board exam based on representative SBA questions and achieved results close to or even better than the human exam participants. 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Sci. 2022;66(6):473&#x2013;475.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">36384256</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">38021023</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2023</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2772-5294</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>3</Volume><PubDate><Year>2023</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Brain &amp; spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Brain Spine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The use of advanced technology for preoperative planning in cranial surgery - A survey by the EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>102665</StartPage><MedlinePgn>102665</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">102665</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bas.2023.102665</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Technological advancements provided several preoperative tools allowing for precise preoperative planning in cranial neurosurgery, aiming to increase the efficacy and safety of surgery. However, little data are available regarding if and how young neurosurgeons are trained in using such technologies, how often they use them in clinical practice, and how valuable they consider these technologies.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESEARCH QUESTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">How frequently these technologies are used during training and clinical practice as well as to how their perceived value can be qualitatively assessed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The Young Neurosurgeons' Committee (YNC) of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) distributed a 14-items survey among young neurosurgeons between June 1st and August 31st<sup>,</sup> 2022.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">A total of 441 responses were collected. Most responders (42.34%) received "formal" training during their residency. Planning techniques were used mainly in neuro-oncology (90.86%), and 3D visualization of patients' DICOM dataset using open-source software was the most frequently used (&gt;20 times/month, 20.34% of responders). Software for 3D visualization of patients' DICOM dataset was the most valuable technology, especially for planning surgical approach (42.03%). Conversely, simulation based on augmented/mixed/virtual reality was considered the less valuable tool, being rated below sufficiency by 39.7% of responders.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Training for using preoperative planning technologies in cranial neurosurgery is provided by neurosurgical residency programs. Software for 3D visualization of DICOM datasets is the most valuable and used tool, especially in neuro-oncology. Interestingly, simulation tools based on augmented/virtual/mixed reality are considered less valuable and, therefore, less used than other technologies.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2023 The Authors.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raffa</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spiriev</LastName><ForeName>Toma</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoia</LastName><ForeName>Cesare</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartek</LastName><ForeName>Jiri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bauer</LastName><ForeName>Marlies</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Shalom</LastName><ForeName>Netanel</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belo</LastName><ForeName>Diogo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosos</LastName><ForeName>Evangelos</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salfort Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Freyschlag</LastName><ForeName>Christian F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaprovoy</LastName><ForeName>Stanislav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Department of Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Department of International Affairs, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lepic</LastName><ForeName>Milan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Neurosurgery, ASST Ospedale Niguarda, Milano, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabiei</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institution of Neuroscience &amp; Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenberg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Art Clinic Hospitals, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwake</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stengel</LastName><ForeName>Felix C</ForeName><Initials>FC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Autonomous of Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2023</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>26</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Brain Spine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9918470888906676</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2772-5294</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Advanced technology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">European association of neurosurgical societies</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgical training</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Preoperative planning</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Simulation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Young neurosurgeons</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jiri Bartek Jr reports a relationship with Medtronic Inc that includes: consulting or advisory.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2023</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2023</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2023</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2023</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>18</Hour><Minute>44</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2023</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>18</Hour><Minute>43</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2023</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>14</Hour><Minute>56</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2023</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">38021023</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC10668051</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bas.2023.102665</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2772-5294(23)00953-0</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Bendok B.R., Rahme R.J., Aoun S.G., et al. 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Sci. 2022;66(6):473&#x2013;475.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">36384256</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Zoli M., Bongetta D., Raffa G., Somma T., Zoia C., Della Pepa G.M. Young neurosurgeons and technology: survey of young neurosurgeons section of Italian society of neurosurgery (societa italiana di Neurochirurgia, SINch) World Neurosurg. 2022</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35283359</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">37187347</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2023</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>09</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-8769</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>176</Volume><PubDate><Year>2023</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>World neurosurgery</Title><ISOAbbreviation>World Neurosurg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Needs, Roles, and Challenges of Young Latin American and Caribbean Neurosurgeons.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>e190</StartPage><EndPage>e199</EndPage><MedlinePgn>e190-e199</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.026</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1878-8750(23)00638-1</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Barriers to neurosurgery training and practice in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) have been scarcely documented. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Young Neurosurgeons Forum survey sought to identify young neurosurgeons' needs, roles, and challenges. We present the results focused on Latin America and the Caribbean.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the Young Neurosurgeons Forum survey responses from LACs, following online survey dissemination through personal contacts, social media, and neurosurgical societies' e-mailing lists between April and November 2018. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi version 2.0 and STATA version&#xa0;16.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">There were 91 respondents from LACs. Three (3.3%) respondents practiced in high-income countries, 77 (84.6%) in upper middle-income countries, 10 (11%) in lower middle-income countries, and 1 (1.1%) in an unclassified country. The majority (77, or 84.6%) of respondents were male, and 71 (90.2%) were younger than 40. Access to basic imaging modalities was high, with access to computed tomography scan universal among the survey respondents. However, only 25 (27.5%) of respondents reported having access to imaging guidance systems (navigation), and 73 (80.2%) reported having access to high-speed drills. A high GDP per capita was associated with increased availability of high-speed drills and more time dedicated to educational endeavors in neurosurgery, such as didactic teaching and topic presentation (P&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.05).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">This survey found that neurosurgery trainees and practitioners of Latin America and the Caribbean face many barriers to practice. These include inadequate state-of-the-art neurosurgical equipment, a lack of standardized training curricula, few research opportunities, and long working hours.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perez-Chadid</LastName><ForeName>Daniela A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: danielaperezchadid@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Veiga Silva</LastName><ForeName>Ana Cristina</ForeName><Initials>AC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Postgraduation Department, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (PosNeuro) Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asfaw</LastName><ForeName>Zerubabbel K</ForeName><Initials>ZK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Javed</LastName><ForeName>Saad</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Registrar, Department of Neurosurgery, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shlobin</LastName><ForeName>Nathan A</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ham</LastName><ForeName>Edward I</ForeName><Initials>EI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lib&#xf3;rio</LastName><ForeName>Adriana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Ipanema Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ogando-Rivas</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Robertson</LastName><ForeName>Faith C</ForeName><Initials>FC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rayan</LastName><ForeName>Tarek</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kolias</LastName><ForeName>Angelos</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital &amp; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barth&#xe9;lemy</LastName><ForeName>Ernest J</ForeName><Initials>EJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Global Neurosurgery Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esene</LastName><ForeName>Ignatius</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2023</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>World Neurosurg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101528275</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1878-8750</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000069471" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgeons</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007843" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Latin America</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009493" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgery</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000193" MajorTopicYN="N">education</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017691" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Caribbean Region</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Barriers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Education</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Global neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Latin America</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Low-and middle-income countries</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgical capacity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Research</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2023</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2023</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>6</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2023</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>8</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2023</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>43</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2023</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>1</Hour><Minute>9</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2023</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>19</Hour><Minute>23</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">37187347</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.026</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1878-8750(23)00638-1</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">36384256</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1827-1855</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>66</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of neurosurgical sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neurosurg Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee's vision of the future of European Neurosurgery.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>473</StartPage><EndPage>475</EndPage><MedlinePgn>473-475</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05802-7</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoia</LastName><ForeName>Cesare</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Matteo Polyclinic Foundation, Pavia, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raffa</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - giovanni.raffa@unime.it.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartek Jr</LastName><ForeName>Jiri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Shalom</LastName><ForeName>Netanel</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belo</LastName><ForeName>Diogo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosos</LastName><ForeName>Evangelos</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salfort Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Freyschlag</LastName><ForeName>Christian F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaprovoy</LastName><ForeName>Stanislav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of International Affairs, Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lepic</LastName><ForeName>Milan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, AOUS Le Scotte, Siena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabiei</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institution of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Art Clinic Hospitals, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwake</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Hospital of M&#xfc;nster, M&#xfc;nster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spiriev</LastName><ForeName>Toma</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016421">Editorial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Italy</Country><MedlineTA>J Neurosurg Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0432557</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0390-5616</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000069471" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgeons</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009493" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgery</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019635" MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgical Procedures</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>33</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">36384256</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05802-7</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0390-5616.22.05802-7</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">36248173</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2772-5294</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>2</Volume><PubDate><Year>2022</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Brain &amp; spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Brain Spine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Transformation of neurosurgical training from "see one, do one, teach one" to AR/VR &amp; simulation - A survey by the EANS Young Neurosurgeons.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>100929</StartPage><MedlinePgn>100929</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">100929</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bas.2022.100929</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Modern technologies are increasingly applied in neurosurgical resident training. To date, no data are available regarding how frequently these are used in the training of neurosurgeons, and what the perceived value of this technology is.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESEARCH QUESTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The aim was to benchmark the objective as well as subjective experience with modern- and conventional training technologies.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIAL AND METHODS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee designed a 12-item survey. It was distributed to neurosurgical residents and board-certified neurosurgeons between 6th of February and April 13, 2022.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">We considered 543 survey responses for analysis. Most participants (67%) indicated not having gained any training experience with modern technology. Most (40.7%) indicated lack of any modern or conventional training technology. Cadaver training was available to 27.6% while all modern training technology to &lt;10%. Participants from countries with high gross domestic product per capita had more access to modern training technologies (p&#xa0;&#x200b;&lt;&#xa0;&#x200b;0.001). The perceived value of the different technologies was highest for hands-on OR training, followed by cadaver lab. The value of these was rated higher, compared to all modern technologies (p&#xa0;&#x200b;&lt;&#xa0;&#x200b;0.001).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Our survey reveals that cadaver labs are used more frequently than modern technologies for today's neurosurgical training. Hands-on training in the operating room (OR) was rated significantly more valuable than any conventional and modern training technology. Our data hence suggest that while modern technologies are well perceived and can surely add to the training of neurosurgeons, it remains critical to ensure sufficient OR exposure.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe, EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stengel</LastName><ForeName>Felix C</ForeName><Initials>FC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gandia-Gonzalez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz - Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartek</LastName><ForeName>Jiri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden &amp; Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belo</LastName><ForeName>Diogo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Shalom</LastName><ForeName>Netanel</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De la Cerda-Vargas</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a F</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery. Pediatric's Hospital Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud. CMN Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosos</LastName><ForeName>Evangelos</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Manchester Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Freyschlag</LastName><ForeName>Christian F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaprovoy</LastName><ForeName>Stanislav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Department of Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Department of International Affairs, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lepic</LastName><ForeName>Milan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, AOUS Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabiei</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institution of Neuroscience &amp; 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Young neurosurgeons and technology: survey of young neurosurgeons section of Italian society of neurosurgery (societ&#xe0; italiana di Neurochirurgia, SINch) World Neurosurg. 2022 Mar;(22) S1878-8750. 00303-00305.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35283359</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">36248152</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2772-5294</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>2</Volume><PubDate><Year>2022</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Brain &amp; spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Brain Spine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle><i>Nexilia</i> - A reflection from the EANS young neurosurgeons' committee on Global Neurosurgery and education of upcoming generations of neurosurgeons.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>100901</StartPage><MedlinePgn>100901</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">100901</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bas.2022.100901</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese Le Scotte, Siena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spiriev</LastName><ForeName>Toma</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bartek</LastName><ForeName>Jiri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belo</LastName><ForeName>Diogo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosos</LastName><ForeName>Evangelos</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Salfort Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Shalom</LastName><ForeName>Netanel</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Freyschlag</LastName><ForeName>Christian F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaprovoy</LastName><ForeName>Stanislav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Department of Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Department of International Affairs, Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lepic</LastName><ForeName>Milan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinic for Neurosurgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabiei</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institution of Neuroscience &amp; Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenberg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Art Clinic Hospitals, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raffa</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwake</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Hospital Muenster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoia</LastName><ForeName>Cesare</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 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DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Brain Spine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9918470888906676</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2772-5294</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Education</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Global Neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Training</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Young neurosurgeons</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jiri Bartek reports a relationship with Medtronic that includes: consulting or advisory.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenberg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Art Clinic Hospitals, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raffa</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, BIOMORF Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spiriev</LastName><ForeName>Toma</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem CityClinic Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Shalom</LastName><ForeName>Netanel</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Rabin Medical Center, Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thom&#xe9;</LastName><ForeName>Claudius</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demetriades</LastName><ForeName>Andreas K</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz - IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Brain Spine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9918470888906676</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2772-5294</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">EANS</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">EANS, European association of Neurosurgical societies</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Research</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Training</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">YNC, Young Neurosurgeons' Committee</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">YNN, Yound Neurosurgeons Network</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Young Neurosurgeons Comittee</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Young Neurosurgeons Network</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>3</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2022</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">36248122</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC9560704</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bas.2022.100902</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2772-5294(22)00043-1</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Medical student involvement in the COVID-19 response. 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Acta Neurochir. 2022;164(4):937&#x2013;946. doi: 10.1007/s00701-022-05113-0. Apr.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s00701-022-05113-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8763620</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35039958</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">36247397</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2772-5294</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>1</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Brain &amp; spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Brain Spine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Real-world evidence on spinal cord neuromodulation and pain: Long-term effectiveness analysis in a single-center cohort.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>100301</StartPage><MedlinePgn>100301</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">100301</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.bas.2021.100301</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Chronic pain inflicts damage in multiple spheres of patient's life and remains a challenge for health care providers. Real-world evidence derived from outcome registries represents a key aspect of the ongoing systematic assessment and future development of neurostimulation devices.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESEARCH QUESTION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The objective of the present study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of neurostimulation as a treatment for spinal chronic pain.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIAL AND METHODS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The patients analyzed in the present study represent a singlecenter cohort of 52 individuals. Primary outcome measures included numeric pain rating scale, Beck depression index II and Oswestry disability index variation from baseline to 36-month visits. Secondary outcomes included its evaluation at 6-month, 12-month and 24-month visits.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">A significant improvement in targeted pain, depression and disability values were observed at 36-month follow-up (P&#xa0;&#x200b;&lt;&#xa0;&#x200b;0.001, P&#xa0;&#x200b;=&#xa0;&#x200b;0.009 and P&#xa0;&#x200b;&lt;&#xa0;&#x200b;0.001 respectively). Those results were consistent in the leg and back pain subgroup but not in the neck, chest and arm pain subgroup. The decrease in pain, depression and disability values happened progressively through time, with the exception of the 12-month visit, where a mild stagnation was observed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Our results suggest that spinal cord stimulation is an effective long-term treatment for spinal chronic pain in real-world conditions when applied to a variety of patients and conditions usually seen in routine practice. 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Pain.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002291</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33990113</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35521434</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2296-875X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>9</Volume><PubDate><Year>2022</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in surgery</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Surg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Beyond Classic Anastomoses Training Models: Overview of Aneurysm Creation in Rodent Vessel Model.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>884675</StartPage><MedlinePgn>884675</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">884675</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fsurg.2022.884675</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Nowadays, due to the decline in the number of microsurgical clippings for cerebral aneurysms and revascularization procedures, young neurosurgeons have fewer opportunities to participate and train on this type of surgery. Vascular neurosurgery is a demanding subspecialty that requires skills that can only be acquired with technical experience. This background pushes the new generations to be ready for such challenging cases by training hard on different available models, such as synthetic tubes, chicken wings, or placenta vessels. Although many training models for vascular neurosurgery have been described worldwide, one of the best is the rodent vessels model. It offers pulsation, coagulation, and real blood flow conditions in a physiologic atmosphere that mimics perfectly the intracranial human vessels environment, especially in terms of size. However, the current differences in governmental different regulations about the use of living animals in medical experimentation and the social awareness, as well as the lack of financial support, cause more difficulties for neurosurgeons to start with that kind of training. In this review, we describe the tools and techniques as basic steps for vascular microsurgery training by using rodent models, that provide an accurate copy of brain vessels environment under stable conditions. The initial three classical known microanastomoses for neurosurgeons are end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side, but in literature, there have been described other more complex exercises for training and investigation, such as aneurysm models. Although there is still little data available, we aim to summarize and discuss aneurysm's training models and reviewed the current literature on the subject and its applications, including a detailed description of the techniques.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2022 Garc&#xed;a Feijoo, Carceller, Isla Guerrero, S&#xe1;ez-Alegre and Gand&#xed;a Gonz&#xe1;lez.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garc&#xed;a Feijoo</LastName><ForeName>Pablo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carceller</LastName><ForeName>Fernando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isla Guerrero</LastName><ForeName>Alberto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>S&#xe1;ez-Alegre</LastName><ForeName>Miguel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>18</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Surg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101645127</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2296-875X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">anastomoses</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">microsurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">model</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">rodent</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">training</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">vascular</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflictof interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>19</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35521434</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC9062134</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fsurg.2022.884675</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lawton MT. 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Selected subsets of patients show remarkable benefit. However, their objective identification is often difficult. Decision-making may be improved with reliable prediction of long-term outcomes for each individual patient, improving patient selection and avoiding ineffective procedures.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">Clinical prediction models for long-term functional impairment [Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) or Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI)], back pain, and leg pain after lumbar fusion for degenerative disease were developed. Achievement of the minimum clinically important difference at 12&#xa0;months postoperatively was defined as a reduction from baseline of at least 15&#xa0;points for ODI, 2.2&#xa0;points for COMI, or 2&#xa0;points for pain severity.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Models were developed and integrated into a web-app ( https://neurosurgery.shinyapps.io/fuseml/ ) based on a multinational cohort [N&#x2009;=&#x2009;817; 42.7% male; mean (SD) age: 61.19 (12.36) years]. At external validation [N&#x2009;=&#x2009;298; 35.6% male; mean (SD) age: 59.73 (12.64) years], areas under the curves for functional impairment [0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.74], back pain (0.72, 95%CI: 0.64-0.79), and leg pain (0.64, 95%CI: 0.54-0.73) demonstrated moderate ability to identify patients who are likely to benefit from surgery. Models demonstrated fair calibration of the predicted probabilities.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Outcomes after lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disease remain difficult to predict. Although assistive clinical prediction models can help in quantifying potential benefits of surgery and the externally validated FUSE-ML tool may aid in individualized risk-benefit estimation, truly impacting clinical practice in the era of "personalized medicine" necessitates more robust tools in this patient population.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2022. 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Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lofrese</LastName><ForeName>Giorgio</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dughiero</LastName><ForeName>Michele</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cultrera</LastName><ForeName>Francesco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicassio</LastName><ForeName>Nicola</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, "M.Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>An</LastName><ForeName>Seong Bae</ForeName><Initials>SB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ha</LastName><ForeName>Yoon</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amelot</LastName><ForeName>Aymeric</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Piti&#xe9; Salp&#xe9;tri&#xe8;re Hospital, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgical Spine Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alcobendas</LastName><ForeName>Irene</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vi&#xf1;uela-Prieto</LastName><ForeName>Jose M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Girod</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Pascal</ForeName><Initials>PP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lener</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>K&#xf6;gl</LastName><ForeName>Nikolaus</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abramovic</LastName><ForeName>Anto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Safa</LastName><ForeName>Nico Akhavan</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laux</LastName><ForeName>Christoph J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Farshad</LastName><ForeName>Mazda</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Spine Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>O'Riordan</LastName><ForeName>Dave</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Center Division, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loibl</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Spine Surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mannion</LastName><ForeName>Anne F</ForeName><Initials>AF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Center Division, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scerrati</LastName><ForeName>Alba</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Policlinico Universitario di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Molliqaj</LastName><ForeName>Granit</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, HUG Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tessitore</LastName><ForeName>Enrico</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, HUG Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schr&#xf6;der</LastName><ForeName>Marc L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vandertop</LastName><ForeName>W Peter</ForeName><Initials>WP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Amsterdam UMC, Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Regli</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Serra</LastName><ForeName>Carlo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>21</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Eur Spine J</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9301980</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0940-6719</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001416" MajorTopicYN="N">Back Pain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008159" MajorTopicYN="N">Lumbar Vertebrae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015233" MajorTopicYN="N">Models, Statistical</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011379" MajorTopicYN="N">Prognosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013123" MajorTopicYN="Y">Spinal Fusion</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical prediction model</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Machine learning</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Outcome prediction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Predictive analytics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Spinal fusion</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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J Clin Epidemiol 110:12&#x2013;22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.02.004</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.02.004</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30763612</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">35147400</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2024</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1827-1855</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>68</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2024</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of neurosurgical sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neurosurg Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Current state of global neurosurgery activity amongst European neurosurgeons.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>371</StartPage><EndPage>378</EndPage><MedlinePgn>371-378</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.23736/S0390-5616.21.05447-3</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The expanding field of global neurosurgery calls for a committed neurosurgical community to advocate for universal access to timely, safe, and affordable neurosurgical care for everyone, everywhere. The aim of this study was to assess the current state of global neurosurgery activity amongst European neurosurgeons and to identify barriers to involvement in global neurosurgery initiatives.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Cross-sectional study through dissemination of a web-based survey, from September 2019 to January 2020, to collect data from European neurosurgeons at various career stages. Descriptive analysis was conducted on respondent data.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Three hundred and ten neurosurgeons from 40 European countries responded: 53.5% regularly follow global neurosurgery developments, and 29.4% had travelled abroad with a global neurosurgery collaborative, with 23.2% planning a future trip. Respondents from high income European countries predominantly travelled to Africa (41.6%) or Asia (34.4%), whereas respondents from middle income European countries frequently traversed Europe (63.2%) and North America (47.4%). Cost implications (66.5%) were the most common barrier to global neurosurgery activity, followed by interference with current practice (45.8%), family duties (35.2%), difficulties obtaining humanitarian leave (27.7%) and lack of international partners (27.4%). 86.8% would incorporate a global neurosurgery period within training programmes.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">European neurosurgeons are interested in engaging in global neurosurgery partnerships, and several sustainable programs focused on local capacity building, education and research have been established over the last decade. However, individual and system barriers to engagement persist. We provided insight into these to allow development of tailored mechanisms to overcome such barriers, enabling European neurosurgeons to advocate for the Global Surgery 2030 goals.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mediratta</LastName><ForeName>Saniya</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK - saniya.mediratta@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK - saniya.mediratta@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lippa</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedali Riuniti, Livorno, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Venturini</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demetriades</LastName><ForeName>Andreas K</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Ouahabi</LastName><ForeName>Abdessamad</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Mohamed V University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CranioSPain Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Superior Center for University Studies La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harkness</LastName><ForeName>William</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hutchinson</LastName><ForeName>Peter</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Park</LastName><ForeName>Kee B</ForeName><Initials>KB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabiei</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosseau</LastName><ForeName>Gail</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schaller</LastName><ForeName>Karl</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Servadei</LastName><ForeName>Franco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS Humanitas Clinic, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lafuente</LastName><ForeName>Jesus</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kolias</LastName><ForeName>Angelos G</ForeName><Initials>AG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Italy</Country><MedlineTA>J Neurosurg Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0432557</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0390-5616</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000069471" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgeons</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005060" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Europe</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009493" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgery</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000193" MajorTopicYN="N">education</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014943" MajorTopicYN="N">Global Health</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011795" MajorTopicYN="N">Surveys and Questionnaires</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019635" MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgical Procedures</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>42</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>11</Hour><Minute>20</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35147400</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.23736/S0390-5616.21.05447-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0390-5616.21.05447-3</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">34799283</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2529-8496</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>33</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Season>Nov-Dec</Season></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Neurocirugia (English Edition)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Treatment of cervical myelopathy by posterior approach: Laminoplasty vs. laminectomy with posterior fixation, are there differences from a clinical and radiological point of view?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>284</StartPage><EndPage>292</EndPage><MedlinePgn>284-292</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.neucie.2021.11.002</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S2529-8496(21)00050-2</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION">Cervical degenerative myelopathy is a variable and progressive degenerative disease caused by chronic compression of the spinal cord. Surgical approaches for the cervical spine can be performed anteriorly and/or posteriorly. Regarding the posterior approach, there are 2 fundamental techniques: laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterior fixation (LPF). There is still controversy concerning the technique in terms of outcome and complications. The aim of the present work is to analyze from the clinical and radiological point of view these 2 techniques: laminoplasty and LPF.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS">A historical cohort of 39 patients was reviewed (12 LFP and 27 laminoplasty) including patients operated in a 10 years period at the Hospital Universitario La Paz with a follow-up of 12 months after surgery was carried out. The clinical results were analyzed and compared using the Nurick scale and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale (mJOA) and the radiological results using the Cobb angle, Sagittal Vertical Axis, T1 Slope and alignment (measured by Cobb-T1 Sloppe).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Significant differences were observed in the postoperative improvement of the Nurick scale (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.008) and mJOA (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.018) in the laminoplasty group. In LFP there is a tendency to a greater improvement, but statistical significance is not reached due to the low sample size of this group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the radiological variables. Regarding the total number of complications, a higher number was observed in the laminoplasty group (7 cases) versus LFP (one case), but no statistically significant differences were observed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Laminoplasty and LFP are both safe and effective procedures in the treatment of cervical degenerative myelopathy. The findings of our study demonstrate statistically significant clinical improvement based on the Nurick and mJOA scales with laminoplasty. No significant differences in terms of complications or radiological variables were observed between the 2 techniques.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2021. Published by Elsevier Espa&#xf1;a, S.L.U.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodr&#xed;guez Dom&#xed;nguez</LastName><ForeName>V&#xed;ctor</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: vitivalde_11@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garc&#xed;a Feijoo</LastName><ForeName>Pablo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>S&#xe1;ez Alegre</LastName><ForeName>Miguel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vivancos S&#xe1;nchez</LastName><ForeName>Catalina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>P&#xe9;rez L&#xf3;pez</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isla Guerrero</LastName><ForeName>Alberto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Neurocirug&#xed;a, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Spain</Country><MedlineTA>Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101778588</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2529-8496</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065406" MajorTopicYN="Y">Laminoplasty</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007796" MajorTopicYN="N">Laminectomy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013118" MajorTopicYN="Y">Spinal Cord Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002574" MajorTopicYN="N">Cervical Vertebrae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cervical degenerative myelopathy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cervical lordosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Escala de Nurick</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Escala de mJOA</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Laminectomy with posterior fixation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Laminectom&#xed;a con fijaci&#xf3;n posterior</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Laminoplastia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Laminoplasty</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lordosis cervical</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mielopat&#xed;a cervical degenerativa</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nurick scale</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mJOA scale</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>34</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34799283</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.neucie.2021.11.002</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2529-8496(21)00050-2</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">34401937</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2022</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1863-9941</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>48</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Neurosurgical emergency management during the lockdown period in health care regions in Spain with different COVID-19 impact: lessons learned to improve outcomes on the future waves.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>2189</StartPage><EndPage>2198</EndPage><MedlinePgn>2189-2198</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00068-021-01767-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">COVID-19 has overloaded health care systems, testing the capacity and response in every European region. Concerns were raised regarding the impact of resources' reorganization on certain emergency pathology management. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the outbreak (in terms of reduction of neurosurgical emergencies) during lockdown in different regions of Spain.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We analyzed the impact of the outbreak in four different affected regions by descriptive statistics and univariate comparison with same period of two previous years. These regions differed in their incidence level (high/low) and in the time of excess mortality with respect to lockdown declaration. That allowed us to analyze their influence on the characteristics of neurosurgical emergencies registered for every region.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">1185 patients from 18 neurosurgical centers were included. Neurosurgical emergencies that underwent surgery dropped 24.41% and 28.15% in 2020 when compared with 2019 and 2018, respectively. A higher reduction was reported for the most affected regions by COVID-19. Non-traumatic spine experienced the most significant decrease in number of cases. Life-threatening conditions did not suffer a reduction in any health care region.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">COVID-19 affected dramatically the neurosurgical emergency management. The most significant reduction in neurosurgical emergencies occurred on those regions that were hit unexpectedly by the pandemic, as resources were focused on fighting the virus. As a consequence, life-threating and non-life-threatening conditions' mortality raised. Results in regions who had time to prepare for the hit were congruent with an organized and sensible neurosurgical decision-making.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>&#xa9; 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5683-1300</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. marisagg4@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vi&#xf1;uela-Prieto</LastName><ForeName>Jose M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Idipaz, Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barrios</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Statistics CSIC, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alarc&#xf3;n</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arikan</LastName><ForeName>Fuat</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arr&#xe1;ez</LastName><ForeName>Cinta</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Carlos Haya University Hospital, M&#xe1;laga, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dom&#xed;nguez</LastName><ForeName>Carlos J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurological Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al&#xe9;n</LastName><ForeName>Jose F</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guti&#xe9;rrez-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Raquel</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Horcajadas</LastName><ForeName>Angel</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mu&#xf1;oz Hern&#xe1;ndez</LastName><ForeName>Fernando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Narv&#xe1;ez</LastName><ForeName>Alejandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paredes</LastName><ForeName>Igor</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>P&#xe9;rez-Alfayate</LastName><ForeName>Rebeca</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Cl&#xed;nico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodr&#xed;guez de Lope</LastName><ForeName>Angel</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, Toledo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruiz-Juretschke</LastName><ForeName>Fernando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara&#xf1;&#xf3;n, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salge Arrieta</LastName><ForeName>Freddy J</ForeName><Initials>FJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Ram&#xf3;n y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tejada</LastName><ForeName>Sonia</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Fundaci&#xf3;n Jim&#xe9;nez D&#xed;az (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tamarit</LastName><ForeName>Martin</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Topczewski</LastName><ForeName>Thomaz</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lafuente</LastName><ForeName>Jesus</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R13 MD003688</GrantID><Acronym>MD</Acronym><Agency>NIMHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>PI 2017/00361</GrantID><Agency>Instituto de Salud Carlos III</Agency><Country/></Grant><Grant><GrantID>B2017/BMD3688</GrantID><Agency>Comunidad de Madrid</Agency><Country/></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313350</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1863-9933</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" 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World Neurosurg. 2020;140:e195&#x2013;e202. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.226.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.226</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7204692</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32389878</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33692744</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>12</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-2295</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>12</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in neurology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Neurol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Case Report: Decompressive Craniectomy for COVID-19 Malignant Cerebral Artery Infarction. Is Surgery a Good Option?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>632036</StartPage><MedlinePgn>632036</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">632036</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fneur.2021.632036</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>SARS-CoV2 infection can lead to a prothrombotic state. Large vessel occlusion, as well as malignant cerebral stroke have been described in COVID-19 patients. In the following months, given the increase in COVID-19 cases, an increase in malignant cerebral SARS-CoV2 associated strokes are expected. The baseline situation of the patients as well as the risk of evolution to a serious disease due to the virus, depict a unique scenario. Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure indicated in patients who suffer a malignant cerebral stroke; however, it is unclear whether the same eligibility criteria should be used for patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge seven cases of decompressive craniectomy and malignant cerebral stroke have been described to date. We report on a 39-year-old female with no major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, apart from oral contraception, and mild COVID-19 symptoms who suffered from left hemispheric syndrome. The patient underwent endovascular treatment with stenting and afterward decompressive craniectomy due to a worsening neurological status with unilateral unreactive mydriasis. We present the case and provide a comprehensive review of the available literature related to the surgical treatment for COVID-19 associated malignant strokes, to establish whether the same eligibility criteria for non-COVID-19 associated strokes should be used. Eight patients, including our case, were surgically managed due to malignant cerebral stroke. Seven of these patients received decompressive craniectomy, and six of them met the eligibility criteria of the current stroke guidelines. The mortality rate was 33%, similar to that described in non-COVID-19 cases. Two patients had a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and both survived after decompressive craniectomy. Our results support that decompressive craniectomy, using the current stroke guidelines, should be considered an effective life-saving treatment for COVID-19-related malignant cerebral strokes.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2021 S&#xe1;ez-Alegre, Garc&#xed;a-Feijoo, Mill&#xe1;n, Vivancos S&#xe1;nchez, Rodr&#xed;guez Dom&#xed;nguez, Garc&#xed;a Ner&#xed;n, Isla Guerrero and Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>S&#xe1;ez-Alegre</LastName><ForeName>Miguel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garc&#xed;a-Feijoo</LastName><ForeName>Pablo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mill&#xe1;n</LastName><ForeName>Pablo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vivancos S&#xe1;nchez</LastName><ForeName>Catalina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodr&#xed;guez Dom&#xed;nguez</LastName><ForeName>V&#xed;ctor</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garc&#xed;a Ner&#xed;n</LastName><ForeName>Jorge</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isla Guerrero</LastName><ForeName>Alberto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Paz Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CranioSPain Research Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>22</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Neurol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101546899</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-2295</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">decompressive craniecotmy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">large vessel occlusion</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">malignant stroke</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">middle cerebral artery</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>35</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33692744</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7937865</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fneur.2021.632036</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Chen PM, Hemmen TM. 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Investigated protocols included bidimensional (2D) diameter measurements, and three-dimensional (3D) estimations by the ellipsoid or semi-automatic segmentation methods. <b>Methods:</b> We investigated OS in a cohort of 44 patients diagnosed with wild type IDH glioblastoma (58.2 &#xb1; 11.4 years, 1.9/1 male/female) treated with neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy. Pre-operative MRI images were evaluated to determine tumor mass area and volume, gadolinium enhancement volume, necrosis volume, and FLAIR-T<sub>2</sub> hyper-intensity area and volume. We implemented then multivariate Cox statistical analysis to select optimal predictors for OS and PFS. <b>Results:</b> Median OS was 16 months (1-42 months), ranging from 9 &#xb1; 2.4 months in patients over 65 years, to 18 &#xb1; 1.6 months in younger ones. Patients with tumors carrying O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanin-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation survived 30 &#xb1; 5.2 vs. 13 &#xb1; 2.5 months in non-methylated. Our study evidenced high and positive correlations among the results of the three methods to determine tumor size. FLAIR-T<sub>2</sub> hyper-intensity areas (2D) and volumes (3D) were also similar as determined by the three methods. Cox proportional hazards analysis with the 2D and 3D methods indicated that OS was associated to age &#x2265; 65 years (HR 2.70, 2.94, and 3.16), MGMT methylation (HR 2.98, 3.07, and 2.90), and FLAIR-T<sub>2</sub> &#x2265; 2,000 mm<sup>2</sup> or &#x2265;60 cm<sup>3</sup> (HR 4.16, 3.93, and 3.72), respectively. Other variables including necrosis, tumor mass, necrosis/tumor ratio, and FLAIR/tumor ratio were not significantly correlated with OS. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results reveal a high correlation among measurements of tumor size performed with the three methods. Pre-operative FLAIR-T<sub>2</sub> hyperintensity area and volumes provided, independently of the measurement method, the optimal neuroimaging features predicting OS in primary glioblastoma patients, followed by age &#x2265; 65 years and MGMT methylation.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright &#xa9; 2020 Palpan Flores, Vivancos Sanchez, Roda, Cerd&#xe1;n, Barrios, Utrilla, Royo and Gand&#xed;a Gonz&#xe1;lez.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Palpan Flores</LastName><ForeName>Alexis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vivancos Sanchez</LastName><ForeName>Catalina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roda</LastName><ForeName>Jos&#xe9; M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cerd&#xe1;n</LastName><ForeName>Sebastian</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barrios</LastName><ForeName>Andres Javier</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Utrilla</LastName><ForeName>Cristina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Royo</LastName><ForeName>Aranzazu</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R13 MD003688</GrantID><Acronym>MD</Acronym><Agency>NIMHD NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Oncol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101568867</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2234-943X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">IDH mutation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ellipsoid method</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">glioblastoma</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">linear method</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">overall survival</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">progression free survival</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">semi-automatic segmentation method</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tumor volumetry</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>44</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2020</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>1</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32984040</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7492614</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fonc.2020.01662</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Deorah S, Lynch CF, Sibenaller ZA, Ryken TC. 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Neurology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Lancet Neurol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Diversity and equality in neurosurgery.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>645</StartPage><EndPage>646</EndPage><MedlinePgn>645-646</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30226-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1474-4422(20)30226-X</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demetriades</LastName><ForeName>Andreas K</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Electronic address: andreas.demetriades@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dur&#xe1;n</LastName><ForeName>Silvia Hern&#xe1;ndez</ForeName><Initials>SH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Klinik f&#xfc;r Neurochirurgie, Universit&#xe4;tsmedizin G&#xf6;ttingen, G&#xf6;ttingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldea</LastName><ForeName>Cristina C</ForeName><Initials>CC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Neurosurgery, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Broekman</LastName><ForeName>Marike L D</ForeName><Initials>MLD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schaller</LastName><ForeName>Karl</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016422">Letter</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016420">Comment</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Lancet Neurol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101139309</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1474-4422</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentOn"><RefSource>Lancet Neurol. 2020 May;19(5):382-383. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30080-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32192575</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009493" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neurosurgery</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019635" MajorTopicYN="N">Neurosurgical Procedures</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012737" MajorTopicYN="N">Sex Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D061108" MajorTopicYN="Y">Social Media</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32702328</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30226-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1474-4422(20)30226-X</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32470938</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1547-5646</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>33</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>29</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neurosurg Spine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Normative data of a smartphone app-based 6-minute walking test, test-retest reliability, and content validity with patient-reported outcome measures.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>480</StartPage><EndPage>489</EndPage><MedlinePgn>480-489</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3171/2020.3.SPINE2084</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The 6-minute walking test (6WT) is used to determine restrictions in a subject's 6-minute walking distance (6WD) due to lumbar degenerative disc disease. To facilitate simple and convenient patient self-measurement, a free and reliable smartphone app using Global Positioning System coordinates was previously designed. The authors aimed to determine normative values for app-based 6WD measurements.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">The maximum 6WD was determined three times using app-based measurement in a sample of 330 volunteers without previous spine surgery or current spine-related disability, recruited at 8 centers in 5 countries (mean subject age 44.2 years, range 16-91 years; 48.5% male; mean BMI 24.6 kg/m2, range 16.3-40.2 kg/m2; 67.9% working; 14.2% smokers). Subjects provided basic demographic information, including comorbidities and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): visual analog scale (VAS) for both low-back and lower-extremity pain, Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI), Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ), and subjective walking distance and duration. The authors determined the test-retest reliability across three measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], standard error of measurement [SEM], and mean 6WD [95% CI]) stratified for age and sex, and content validity (linear regression coefficients) between 6WD and PROMs.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The ICC for repeated app-based 6WD measurements was 0.89 (95% CI 0.87-0.91, p &lt; 0.001) and the SEM was 34 meters. The overall mean 6WD was 585.9 meters (95% CI 574.7-597.0 meters), with significant differences across age categories (p &lt; 0.001). The 6WD was on average about 32 meters less in females (570.5 vs 602.2 meters, p = 0.005). There were linear correlations between average 6WD and VAS back pain, VAS leg pain, COMI Back and COMI subscores of pain intensity and disability, ZCQ symptom severity, ZCQ physical function, and ZCQ pain and neuroischemic symptoms subscores, as well as with subjective walking distance and duration, indicating that subjects with higher pain, higher disability, and lower subjective walking capacity had significantly lower 6WD (all p &lt; 0.001).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">This study provides normative data for app-based 6WD measurements in a multicenter sample from 8 institutions and 5 countries. These values can now be used as reference to compare 6WT results and quantify objective functional impairment in patients with degenerative diseases of the spine using z-scores. The authors found a good to excellent test-retest reliability of the 6WT app, a low area of uncertainty, and high content validity of the average 6WD with commonly used PROMs.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tosic</LastName><ForeName>Lazar</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goldberger</LastName><ForeName>Elior</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maldaner</LastName><ForeName>Nicolai</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sosnova</LastName><ForeName>Marketa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zeitlberger</LastName><ForeName>Anna M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Staartjes</LastName><ForeName>Victor E</ForeName><Initials>VE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gadjradj</LastName><ForeName>Pravesh S</ForeName><Initials>PS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eversdijk</LastName><ForeName>Hubert A J</ForeName><Initials>HAJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>4Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quddusi</LastName><ForeName>Ayesha</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>5Center for Neuroscience, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>6Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sayadi</LastName><ForeName>Jamasb Joshua</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>7Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Desai</LastName><ForeName>Atman</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>7Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Regli</LastName><ForeName>Luca</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gautschi</LastName><ForeName>Oliver P</ForeName><Initials>OP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>8Neuro and Spine Center, Hirslanden Clinic St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stienen</LastName><ForeName>Martin N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>7Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Neurosurg Spine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101223545</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1547-5646</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">6-minute walking test</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">degenerative disc disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neurogenic claudication</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">normative data</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">objective functional impairment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">reliability</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">spinal stenosis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">spine surgery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">test qualities</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">validity</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32470938</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3171/2020.3.SPINE2084</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">2020.3.SPINE2084</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32385639</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">0942-0940</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>162</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Jul</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Acta neurochirurgica</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Acta Neurochir (Wien)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Neurosurgeons on the frontline of COVID-19: no place for surgery?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>1503</StartPage><EndPage>1504</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1503-1504</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00701-020-04390-x</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Maria L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5683-1300</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. marisagg4@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>S&#xe1;ez-Alegre</LastName><ForeName>Miguel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roda</LastName><ForeName>Jose M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016422">Letter</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>08</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Austria</Country><MedlineTA>Acta Neurochir (Wien)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0151000</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0001-6268</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Br J Neurosurg. 2022 Feb;36(1):122-123. doi: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1910202</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33983098</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>8</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32385639</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7209762</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s00701-020-04390-x</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s00701-020-04390-x</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lei S, Jiang F, Su W, Chen C, Chein J, Mei W et al (2020) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. EClinicalMedicine. 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100331</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7128617</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32292899</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Sasangohar F, Jones SL, Masud FN, Vahidy FS, Kash BA (2020) Provider burnout and fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from a high-volume intensive care unit. Anesth Analg. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004866</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7173087</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32282389</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P (2020) Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, Northern Italy (2020). Acta Neurochir. 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7103098</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32222820</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">32347125</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>29</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1360-046X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>34</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>British journal of neurosurgery</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Br J Neurosurg</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The use of transcranial motor-evoked potentials, somatosensory-evoked potentials and free-run electromyography for proper placement of paddle leads in chronic pain.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>465</StartPage><EndPage>469</EndPage><MedlinePgn>465-469</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1080/02688697.2020.1759777</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText><b>Introduction:</b> As an alternative to those patients who cannot be performed an awake spinal cord stimulation (SCS) or had been percutaneously implanted with poor pain relief outcomes, neurophysiological monitoring through transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs), somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) and free-run electromyography (EMG) under general anesthesia allows the correct placement of surgical leads and provide objective responses.<b>Methods:</b> An initial series of 15 patients undergoing SCS implantation for chronic pain. Physiologic midline was determined with 32-channel NIM-Eclipse System equipment. During neurophysiological monitoring, MEPs, SSEPs, EMG and CMAPs were recorded.<b>Results:</b> MEPs, SSEPs, and EMG were able to target spinal cord physiological midline during SCS to all patients. Physiologic midline was deviated in 53% patients. No warning events in SSEPs, MEPs, or EMG were recorded in any patient.<b>Conclusions:</b> Bilateral CMAPs recording allows placement of paddle leads in physiological midline, obtaining an accurate coverage, pain relief and avoid unpleasant or ineffective stimulation postoperatively. While these neurophysiological techniques are generally used to provide information on the state of the nervous system and prevent neurological injury risks during SCS, our work has shown that can accurate direct lead placement.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paz</LastName><ForeName>Jos&#xe9; F</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9555-3171</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Santiago Sanz</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a Del Mar</ForeName><Initials>MDM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurophysiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paz-Domingo</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a Victoria</ForeName><Initials>MV</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8099-6260</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gand&#xed;a-Gonz&#xe1;lez</LastName><ForeName>Mar&#xed;a Luisa</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Santiago-P&#xe9;rez</LastName><ForeName>Susana</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurophysiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roda Frade</LastName><ForeName>Jose Mar&#xed;a</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Br J Neurosurg</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8800054</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0268-8697</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059350" MajorTopicYN="Y">Chronic Pain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004576" MajorTopicYN="N">Electromyography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019054" MajorTopicYN="Y">Evoked Potentials, Motor</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005073" MajorTopicYN="N">Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016343" MajorTopicYN="N">Monitoring, Intraoperative</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Neuropathic pain</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">compound muscle action potentials</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">general anesthesia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">laminectomy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">spinal cord stimulation</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32347125</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1080/02688697.2020.1759777</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle></PubmedArticleSet>trying2...<BR>

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                                     <div class="mbp_pagination text-right"><ul class="page_navigation" style="text-align:right"><li class="page-item" style="border:none;">Page <strong>1</strong> of <strong>2</strong></li><li class="page-item bg-white"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+L+Gandia-Gonzalez/2" class="page-link" style="height:auto" data-ci-pagination-page="2" rel="next"><span class="fas fa-angle-right"></span></a></li></ul></div> 
                          
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/39674279/Robotic-spine-surgery-Technical-note-and-descriptive-analysis-of-the-first-40-cases">Robotic spine surgery: Technical note and descriptive analysis of the first 40 cases.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Victor+Rodriguez+Dominguez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Víctor Rodríguez Domínguez</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jorge+Bedia+Cadelo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jorge Bedia Cadelo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Javier+Giner+Garcia" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Javier Giner García</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Luisa+Gandia+Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María Luisa Gandía González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Catalina+Vivancos+Sanchez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Catalina Vivancos Sánchez</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> December 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: The global incidence of spinal pathology is increasing due to the progressive aging of the population and increased life expectancy. Vertebral fixation with transpedicular screws is the most commonly used technique in unstable or potentially unstable pathologies. There are different implantation methods, the most recently developed being implantation guided by robotic navigation.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/39674279/Robotic-spine-surgery-Technical-note-and-descriptive-analysis-of-the-first-40-cases" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/39453385/Sex-Differences-in-Patient-rated-Outcomes-After-Lumbar-Spinal-Fusion-for-Degenerative-Disease-A-Mult">Sex Differences in Patient-rated Outcomes After Lumbar Spinal Fusion for Degenerative Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Olga+Ciobanu-Caraus" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Olga Ciobanu-Caraus</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Alexandra+Grob" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Alexandra Grob</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jonas+Rohr" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jonas Rohr</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Vittorio+Stumpo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Vittorio Stumpo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Luca+Ricciardi" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Luca Ricciardi</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> October 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Study Design</em>: Heterogeneous data collection via a mix of prospective, retrospective, and ambispective methods.<BR><BR><em>Objective</em>: To evaluate the effect of biological sex on patient-reported outcomes after spinal fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative disease.<BR><BR><em>Summary Of Background Data</em>: Current literature suggests sex differences regarding clinical outcome after spine surgery may exist.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/39453385/Sex-Differences-in-Patient-rated-Outcomes-After-Lumbar-Spinal-Fusion-for-Degenerative-Disease-A-Mult" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38987513/Multicenter-external-validation-of-prediction-models-for-clinical-outcomes-after-spinal-fusion-for-l">Multicenter external validation of prediction models for clinical outcomes after spinal fusion for lumbar degenerative disease.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Alexandra+Grob" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Alexandra Grob</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jonas+Rohr" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jonas Rohr</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Vittorio+Stumpo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Vittorio Stumpo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Moira+Vieli" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Moira Vieli</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Olga+Ciobanu-Caraus" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Olga Ciobanu-Caraus</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Eur Spine J</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> September 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Background</em>: Clinical prediction models (CPM), such as the SCOAP-CERTAIN tool, can be utilized to enhance decision-making for lumbar spinal fusion surgery by providing quantitative estimates of outcomes, aiding surgeons in assessing potential benefits and risks for each individual patient. External validation is crucial in CPM to assess generalizability beyond the initial dataset. This ensures performance in diverse populations, reliability and real-world applicability of the results.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38987513/Multicenter-external-validation-of-prediction-models-for-clinical-outcomes-after-spinal-fusion-for-l" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38826834/A-spotlight-on-cadaveric-dissection-in-neurosurgical-training-The-perspective-of-the-EANS-young-neur">A spotlight on cadaveric dissection in neurosurgical training: The perspective of the EANS young neurosurgeons committee.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Fabio+Torregrossa" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Fabio Torregrossa</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Peris-Celda" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Maria Peris-Celda</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Toma+Spiriev" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Toma Spiriev</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cesare+Zoia" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cesare Zoia</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Evangelos+Drosos" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Evangelos Drosos</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> May 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"></p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38826834/A-spotlight-on-cadaveric-dissection-in-neurosurgical-training-The-perspective-of-the-EANS-young-neur" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38762534/Evaluation-of-the-clinical-use-of-MGMT-methylation-in-extracellular-vesicle-based-liquid-biopsy-as-a">Evaluation of the clinical use of MGMT methylation in extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy as a tool for glioblastoma patient management.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Rocio+Rosas-Alonso" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Rocío Rosas-Alonso</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Julian+Colmenarejo-Fernandez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Julian Colmenarejo-Fernández</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Olga+Pernia" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Olga Pernía</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Miranda+Burdiel" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Miranda Burdiel</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Carlos+Rodriguez-Antolin" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Carlos Rodríguez-Antolín</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Sci Rep</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> May 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10">Glioblastoma (GB) is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system characterized by a poor prognosis. One of the best-established predictive biomarker in IDH-wildtype GB is O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation (mMGMT), which is associated with improved treatment response and survival. However, current efforts to monitor GB patients through mMGMT detection have proven unsuccessful.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38762534/Evaluation-of-the-clinical-use-of-MGMT-methylation-in-extracellular-vesicle-based-liquid-biopsy-as-a" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38666069/The-prevalence-of-imposter-syndrome-among-neurosurgeons-in-Europe-An-EANS-YNC-survey">The prevalence of imposter syndrome among neurosurgeons in Europe: An EANS YNC survey.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cesare+Zoia" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cesare Zoia</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Martin+N+Stienen" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Martin N Stienen</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Ismail+Zaed" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Ismail Zaed</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Grazia+Menna" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Grazia Menna</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cristina+C+Aldea" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cristina C Aldea</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> April 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: Imposter syndrome (IS), characterized by persistent doubts about one's abilities and fear of exposure as a fraud, is a prevalent psychological condition, particularly impacting physicians. In neurosurgery, known for its competitiveness and demands, the prevalence of IS remains high.<BR><BR><em>Research Question</em>: Recognizing the limited literature on IS within the neurosurgical community, this European survey aimed to determine its prevalence among young neurosurgeons and identify associated factors.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38666069/The-prevalence-of-imposter-syndrome-among-neurosurgeons-in-Europe-An-EANS-YNC-survey" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38510593/Can-AI-pass-the-written-European-Board-Examination-in-Neurological-Surgery-Ethical-and-practical-iss">Can AI pass the written European Board Examination in Neurological Surgery? - Ethical and practical issues.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Felix+C+Stengel" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Felix C Stengel</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Martin+N+Stienen" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Martin N Stienen</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Marcel+Ivanov" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Marcel Ivanov</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+L+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María L Gandía-González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Giovanni+Raffa" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Giovanni Raffa</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> February 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: Artificial intelligence (AI) based large language models (LLM) contain enormous potential in education and training. Recent publications demonstrated that they are able to outperform participants in written medical exams.<BR><BR><em>Research Question</em>: We aimed to explore the accuracy of AI in the written part of the EANS board exam.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38510593/Can-AI-pass-the-written-European-Board-Examination-in-Neurological-Surgery-Ethical-and-practical-iss" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38021023/The-use-of-advanced-technology-for-preoperative-planning-in-cranial-surgery-A-survey-by-the-EANS-You">The use of advanced technology for preoperative planning in cranial surgery - A survey by the EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Giovanni+Raffa" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Giovanni Raffa</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Toma+Spiriev" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Toma Spiriev</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cesare+Zoia" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cesare Zoia</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cristina+C+Aldea" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cristina C Aldea</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jiri+Bartek" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jiri Bartek</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> August 2023</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: Technological advancements provided several preoperative tools allowing for precise preoperative planning in cranial neurosurgery, aiming to increase the efficacy and safety of surgery. However, little data are available regarding if and how young neurosurgeons are trained in using such technologies, how often they use them in clinical practice, and how valuable they consider these technologies.<BR><BR><em>Research Question</em>: How frequently these technologies are used during training and clinical practice as well as to how their perceived value can be qualitatively assessed.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/38021023/The-use-of-advanced-technology-for-preoperative-planning-in-cranial-surgery-A-survey-by-the-EANS-You" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/37187347/Needs-Roles-and-Challenges-of-Young-Latin-American-and-Caribbean-Neurosurgeons">Needs, Roles, and Challenges of Young Latin American and Caribbean Neurosurgeons.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Daniela+A+Perez-Chadid" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Daniela A Perez-Chadid</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Ana+Cristina+Veiga+Silva" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Ana Cristina Veiga Silva</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Zerubabbel+K+Asfaw" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Zerubabbel K Asfaw</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Saad+Javed" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Saad Javed</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Nathan+A+Shlobin" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Nathan A Shlobin</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> World Neurosurg</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> August 2023</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Background</em>: Barriers to neurosurgery training and practice in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) have been scarcely documented. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Young Neurosurgeons Forum survey sought to identify young neurosurgeons' needs, roles, and challenges. We present the results focused on Latin America and the Caribbean.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/37187347/Needs-Roles-and-Challenges-of-Young-Latin-American-and-Caribbean-Neurosurgeons" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36384256/The-EANS-Young-Neurosurgeons-Committees-vision-of-the-future-of-European-Neurosurgery">The EANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee's vision of the future of European Neurosurgery.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cesare+Zoia" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cesare Zoia</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Giovanni+Raffa" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Giovanni Raffa</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cristina+C+Aldea" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cristina C Aldea</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jiri+Bartek+Jr" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jiri Bartek Jr</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Netanel+Ben-Shalom" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Netanel Ben-Shalom</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> J Neurosurg Sci</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> December 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"></p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36384256/The-EANS-Young-Neurosurgeons-Committees-vision-of-the-future-of-European-Neurosurgery" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36248173/Transformation-of-neurosurgical-training-from-see-one-do-one-teach-one-to-ARVR-simulation-A-survey-b">Transformation of neurosurgical training from "see one, do one, teach one" to AR/VR & simulation - A survey by the EANS Young Neurosurgeons.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Felix+C+Stengel" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Felix C Stengel</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+L+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Maria L Gandia-Gonzalez</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cristina+C+Aldea" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cristina C Aldea</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jiri+Bartek" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jiri Bartek</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Diogo+Belo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Diogo Belo</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> August 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: Modern technologies are increasingly applied in neurosurgical resident training. To date, no data are available regarding how frequently these are used in the training of neurosurgeons, and what the perceived value of this technology is.<BR><BR><em>Research Question</em>: The aim was to benchmark the objective as well as subjective experience with modern- and conventional training technologies.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36248173/Transformation-of-neurosurgical-training-from-see-one-do-one-teach-one-to-ARVR-simulation-A-survey-b" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36248152/A-reflection-from-the-EANS-young-neurosurgeons-committee-on-Global-Neurosurgery-and-education-of-upc"> - A reflection from the EANS young neurosurgeons' committee on Global Neurosurgery and education of upcoming generations of neurosurgeons.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Laura+Lippa" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Laura Lippa</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Toma+Spiriev" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Toma Spiriev</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jiri+Bartek" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jiri Bartek</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Diogo+Belo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Diogo Belo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Evangelos+Drosos" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Evangelos Drosos</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> June 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"></p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36248152/A-reflection-from-the-EANS-young-neurosurgeons-committee-on-Global-Neurosurgery-and-education-of-upc" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36248122/Laying-foundations-for-the-future-establishing-the-EANS-Young-Neurosurgeons-Network-EANS-YNN">Laying foundations for the future- establishing the EANS Young Neurosurgeons Network (EANS YNN).</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Evangelos+Drosos" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Evangelos Drosos</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cristina+C+Aldea" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cristina C Aldea</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Diogo+Belo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Diogo Belo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jiri+Bartek" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jiri Bartek</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Martin+N+Stienen" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Martin N Stienen</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> June 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"></p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36248122/Laying-foundations-for-the-future-establishing-the-EANS-Young-Neurosurgeons-Network-EANS-YNN" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36247397/Real-world-evidence-on-spinal-cord-neuromodulation-and-pain-Long-term-effectiveness-analysis-in-a-si">Real-world evidence on spinal cord neuromodulation and pain: Long-term effectiveness analysis in a single-center cohort.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jose+Manuel+Vinuela-Prieto" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">José Manuel Viñuela-Prieto</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jose+Francisco+Paz-Solis" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">José Francisco Paz-Solís</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Alberto+Isla-Guerrero" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Alberto Isla-Guerrero</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Javier+Diaz-de-Teran" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Javier Díaz-de-Terán</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Luisa+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María Luisa Gandía-González</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Brain Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> October 2021</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: Chronic pain inflicts damage in multiple spheres of patient's life and remains a challenge for health care providers. Real-world evidence derived from outcome registries represents a key aspect of the ongoing systematic assessment and future development of neurostimulation devices.<BR><BR><em>Research Question</em>: The objective of the present study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of neurostimulation as a treatment for spinal chronic pain.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/36247397/Real-world-evidence-on-spinal-cord-neuromodulation-and-pain-Long-term-effectiveness-analysis-in-a-si" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/35521434/Beyond-Classic-Anastomoses-Training-Models-Overview-of-Aneurysm-Creation-in-Rodent-Vessel-Model">Beyond Classic Anastomoses Training Models: Overview of Aneurysm Creation in Rodent Vessel Model.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Pablo+Garcia+Feijoo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Pablo García Feijoo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Fernando+Carceller" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Fernando Carceller</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Alberto+Isla+Guerrero" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Alberto Isla Guerrero</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Miguel+Saez-Alegre" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Miguel Sáez-Alegre</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Luisa+Gandia+Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Maria Luisa Gandía González</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Front Surg</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> April 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10">Nowadays, due to the decline in the number of microsurgical clippings for cerebral aneurysms and revascularization procedures, young neurosurgeons have fewer opportunities to participate and train on this type of surgery. Vascular neurosurgery is a demanding subspecialty that requires skills that can only be acquired with technical experience. This background pushes the new generations to be ready for such challenging cases by training hard on different available models, such as synthetic tubes, chicken wings, or placenta vessels.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/35521434/Beyond-Classic-Anastomoses-Training-Models-Overview-of-Aneurysm-Creation-in-Rodent-Vessel-Model" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/35188587/FUSE-ML-development-and-external-validation-of-a-clinical-prediction-model-for-mid-term-outcomes-aft">FUSE-ML: development and external validation of a clinical prediction model for mid-term outcomes after lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disease.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Victor+E+Staartjes" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Victor E Staartjes</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Vittorio+Stumpo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Vittorio Stumpo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Luca+Ricciardi" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Luca Ricciardi</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Nicolai+Maldaner" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Nicolai Maldaner</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Hubert+A+J+Eversdijk" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Hubert A J Eversdijk</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Eur Spine J</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> October 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Background</em>: Indications and outcomes in lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disease are notoriously heterogenous. Selected subsets of patients show remarkable benefit. However, their objective identification is often difficult.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/35188587/FUSE-ML-development-and-external-validation-of-a-clinical-prediction-model-for-mid-term-outcomes-aft" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/35147400/Current-state-of-global-neurosurgery-activity-amongst-European-neurosurgeons">Current state of global neurosurgery activity amongst European neurosurgeons.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Saniya+Mediratta" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Saniya Mediratta</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Laura+Lippa" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Laura Lippa</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Sara+Venturini" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Sara Venturini</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Andreas+K+Demetriades" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Andreas K Demetriades</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Abdessamad+El-Ouahabi" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Abdessamad El-Ouahabi</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> J Neurosurg Sci</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> August 2024</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Background</em>: The expanding field of global neurosurgery calls for a committed neurosurgical community to advocate for universal access to timely, safe, and affordable neurosurgical care for everyone, everywhere. The aim of this study was to assess the current state of global neurosurgery activity amongst European neurosurgeons and to identify barriers to involvement in global neurosurgery initiatives.<BR><BR><em>Methods</em>: Cross-sectional study through dissemination of a web-based survey, from September 2019 to January 2020, to collect data from European neurosurgeons at various career stages.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/35147400/Current-state-of-global-neurosurgery-activity-amongst-European-neurosurgeons" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/34799283/Treatment-of-cervical-myelopathy-by-posterior-approach-Laminoplasty-vs-laminectomy-with-posterior-fi">Treatment of cervical myelopathy by posterior approach: Laminoplasty vs. laminectomy with posterior fixation, are there differences from a clinical and radiological point of view?</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Victor+Rodriguez+Dominguez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Víctor Rodríguez Domínguez</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Luisa+Gandia+Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María Luisa Gandía González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Pablo+Garcia+Feijoo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Pablo García Feijoo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Miguel+Saez+Alegre" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Miguel Sáez Alegre</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Catalina+Vivancos+Sanchez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Catalina Vivancos Sánchez</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed)</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> November 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Introduction</em>: Cervical degenerative myelopathy is a variable and progressive degenerative disease caused by chronic compression of the spinal cord. Surgical approaches for the cervical spine can be performed anteriorly and/or posteriorly. Regarding the posterior approach, there are 2 fundamental techniques: laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterior fixation (LPF).</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/34799283/Treatment-of-cervical-myelopathy-by-posterior-approach-Laminoplasty-vs-laminectomy-with-posterior-fi" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/34401937/Neurosurgical-emergency-management-during-the-lockdown-period-in-health-care-regions-in-Spain-with-d">Neurosurgical emergency management during the lockdown period in health care regions in Spain with different COVID-19 impact: lessons learned to improve outcomes on the future waves.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+L+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Maria L Gandía-González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jose+M+Vinuela-Prieto" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jose M Viñuela-Prieto</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Laura+Barrios" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Laura Barrios</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Carlos+Alarcon" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Carlos Alarcón</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Fuat+Arikan" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Fuat Arikan</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> June 2022</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Background</em>: COVID-19 has overloaded health care systems, testing the capacity and response in every European region. Concerns were raised regarding the impact of resources' reorganization on certain emergency pathology management. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the outbreak (in terms of reduction of neurosurgical emergencies) during lockdown in different regions of Spain.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/34401937/Neurosurgical-emergency-management-during-the-lockdown-period-in-health-care-regions-in-Spain-with-d" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/33692744/Case-Report-Decompressive-Craniectomy-for-COVID-19-Malignant-Cerebral-Artery-Infarction-Is-Surgery-a">Case Report: Decompressive Craniectomy for COVID-19 Malignant Cerebral Artery Infarction. Is Surgery a Good Option?</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Miguel+Saez-Alegre" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Miguel Sáez-Alegre</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Pablo+Garcia-Feijoo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Pablo García-Feijoo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Pablo+Millan" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Pablo Millán</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Catalina+Vivancos+Sanchez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Catalina Vivancos Sánchez</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Victor+Rodriguez+Dominguez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Víctor Rodríguez Domínguez</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Front Neurol</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> February 2021</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10">SARS-CoV2 infection can lead to a prothrombotic state. Large vessel occlusion, as well as malignant cerebral stroke have been described in COVID-19 patients. In the following months, given the increase in COVID-19 cases, an increase in malignant cerebral SARS-CoV2 associated strokes are expected.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/33692744/Case-Report-Decompressive-Craniectomy-for-COVID-19-Malignant-Cerebral-Artery-Infarction-Is-Surgery-a" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32984040/Assessment-of-Pre-operative-Measurements-of-Tumor-Size-by-MRI-Methods-as-Survival-Predictors-in-Wild">Assessment of Pre-operative Measurements of Tumor Size by MRI Methods as Survival Predictors in Wild Type IDH Glioblastoma.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Alexis+Palpan+Flores" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Alexis Palpan Flores</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Catalina+Vivancos+Sanchez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Catalina Vivancos Sanchez</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jose+M+Roda" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">José M Roda</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Sebastian+Cerdan" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Sebastian Cerdán</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Andres+Javier+Barrios" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Andres Javier Barrios</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Front Oncol</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> September 2020</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"> We evaluate the performance of three MRI methods to determine non-invasively tumor size, as overall survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS) predictors, in a cohort of wild type, IDH negative, glioblastoma patients. Investigated protocols included bidimensional (2D) diameter measurements, and three-dimensional (3D) estimations by the ellipsoid or semi-automatic segmentation methods.  We investigated OS in a cohort of 44 patients diagnosed with wild type IDH glioblastoma (58.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32984040/Assessment-of-Pre-operative-Measurements-of-Tumor-Size-by-MRI-Methods-as-Survival-Predictors-in-Wild" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32702328/Diversity-and-equality-in-neurosurgery">Diversity and equality in neurosurgery.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Andreas+K+Demetriades" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Andreas K Demetriades</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Silvia+Hernandez+Duran" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Silvia Hernández Durán</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Cristina+C+Aldea" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Cristina C Aldea</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+L+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Maria L Gandía-González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Marike+L+D+Broekman" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Marike L D Broekman</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Lancet Neurol</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> August 2020</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"></p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32702328/Diversity-and-equality-in-neurosurgery" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32470938/Normative-data-of-a-smartphone-app-based-6-minute-walking-test-test-retest-reliability-and-content-v">Normative data of a smartphone app-based 6-minute walking test, test-retest reliability, and content validity with patient-reported outcome measures.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Lazar+Tosic" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Lazar Tosic</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Elior+Goldberger" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Elior Goldberger</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Nicolai+Maldaner" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Nicolai Maldaner</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Marketa+Sosnova" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Marketa Sosnova</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Anna+M+Zeitlberger" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Anna M Zeitlberger</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> J Neurosurg Spine</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> May 2020</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"><em>Objective</em>: The 6-minute walking test (6WT) is used to determine restrictions in a subject's 6-minute walking distance (6WD) due to lumbar degenerative disc disease. To facilitate simple and convenient patient self-measurement, a free and reliable smartphone app using Global Positioning System coordinates was previously designed. The authors aimed to determine normative values for app-based 6WD measurements.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32470938/Normative-data-of-a-smartphone-app-based-6-minute-walking-test-test-retest-reliability-and-content-v" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32385639/Neurosurgeons-on-the-frontline-of-COVID-19-no-place-for-surgery">Neurosurgeons on the frontline of COVID-19: no place for surgery?</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+L+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Maria L Gandía-González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Miguel+Saez-Alegre" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Miguel Sáez-Alegre</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jose+M+Roda" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Jose M Roda</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Acta Neurochir (Wien)</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> July 2020</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"></p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32385639/Neurosurgeons-on-the-frontline-of-COVID-19-no-place-for-surgery" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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					 <h5 class="title mb-3"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32347125/The-use-of-transcranial-motor-evoked-potentials-somatosensory-evoked-potentials-and-free-run-electro">The use of transcranial motor-evoked potentials, somatosensory-evoked potentials and free-run electromyography for proper placement of paddle leads in chronic pain.</a></h5><div class="publication-auther"><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Jose+F+Paz" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">José F Paz</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Del+Mar+Santiago+Sanz" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María Del Mar Santiago Sanz</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Victoria+Paz-Domingo" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María Victoria Paz-Domingo</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Maria+Luisa+Gandia-Gonzalez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">María Luisa Gandía-González</a> <a href="https://www.litmetric.com/author/Susana+Santiago-Perez" class="tag" style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Susana Santiago-Pérez</a></div><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1"></i> Br J Neurosurg</p><p class="mb-0 fz14 list-inline-item mb5-sm pe-1"><i class="flaticon-calendar fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1 bdrl1 pl15 pl0-xs bdrn-xs"></i> August 2020</p></div>
								 </div><p class="text mt10"> As an alternative to those patients who cannot be performed an awake spinal cord stimulation (SCS) or had been percutaneously implanted with poor pain relief outcomes, neurophysiological monitoring through transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs), somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) and free-run electromyography (EMG) under general anesthesia allows the correct placement of surgical leads and provide objective responses. An initial series of 15 patients undergoing SCS implantation for chronic pain. Physiologic midline was determined with 32-channel NIM-Eclipse System equipment.</p><a href="https://www.litmetric.com/detail/32347125/The-use-of-transcranial-motor-evoked-potentials-somatosensory-evoked-potentials-and-free-run-electro" class="ud-btn btn-thm mb25 me-4 "><i class="flaticon-contract fz16 vam text-thm2 me-1" style="color:white"></i> View Article and Find Full Text PDF <i class="fal fa-arrow-right-long"></i></a><div class="skill-tags d-flex align-items-center justify-content-start mb20-md"></div></div>
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