Evaluation of Bone Biomarkers in Renal Osteodystrophy.

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) represents histological bone changes in patients with chronic kidney disease and is classified according to turnover and mineralization. This cross-sectional study evaluates several bone biomarkers and their ability to discriminate turnover and mineralization defects in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Bone-specific [BSAP] and total [tAP] alkaline phosphatase, procollagen-1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide [CTX], intact [iPTH] and whole [wPTH] parathyroid hormone, sclerostin [SOST], fibroblast growth factor 23 [FGF-23], vitamin D, osteoprotegerin [OPG], and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand [RANKL] were collected before the bone biopsy.

Evaluation of bone mineral density, microarchitecture, and detection of fractures on young patients living with human immunodeficiency virus: when and how to screen?

Purpose: People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) developed higher life expectancy along with chronic bone disease over the past years. Our purpose is to evaluate bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture and fractures in young PLWH and understand the disease's contribution to bone derangements and fracture risk.

Methods: Eighty-one HIV-infected and 54 control young (20-50 years) male and female subjects were enrolled in this study.

Chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with increased cortical bone density evaluated using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture and fracture prevalence in women with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT).

Methods: Twenty-seven women with postsurgical hypoPT and 44 age-matched healthy women were included. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate areal BMD and vertebral fracture assessment.

Untreated osteoporosis and higher FRAX as risk factors for tooth loss: a 5-year prospective study.

Introduction: Studies have shown that an impaired bone condition, represented by osteoporosis and increased fracture risk, may potentially aggravate periodontal disease and, consequently, the risk of tooth loss. This 5-year prospective study aimed to investigate whether systemic bone condition represents risk factor for tooth loss due to periodontal disease amongst elderly women.

Material And Methods: Seventy-four participants, aged ≥ 65 years, who attended the 5-years recall for periodontal evaluation were involved.

Lower bone density and microarchitecture alterations in HIV-infected Brazilian men aged 50 years and older are associated with estradiol levels.

Objective: Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) allows for longer survival for people living with HIV and hence long-term complications of both disease and treatment are common. Our purpose was to evaluate bone alterations in men living with HIV (MLWH) and receiving cART and to identify associated factors that can be corrected or mitigated.

Patients And Design: Thirty MLWH and 36 healthy controls (≥50 years) were studied for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure (high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography [HR-pQCT]), serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, 25(OH)D, testosterone (T), estradiol (E ), glucose, creatinine, and albumin levels.

Assessment of trabecular and cortical parameters using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, histomorphometry and microCT of iliac crest bone core in hemodialysis patients.

Patients with end-stage renal disease develop changes in bone quality and quantity, which can be assessed using different methods. This study aimed to compare and to correlate bone parameters obtained using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) with those obtained by bone biopsy using histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (microCT) analysis of the iliac crest core, and to evaluate if HR-pQCT is helpful in aiding with categorization of those with high turnover. Twenty hemodialysis patients, 13 females (7 postmenopausal), underwent bone biopsy from 2018 to 2020.

Use of aromatase inhibitors in patients with breast cancer is associated with deterioration of bone microarchitecture and density.

Objective: To evaluate changes in bone density and architecture in postmenopausal women with breast cancer (BC) and use of aromatase inhibitor (AI).

Methods: Thirty-four postmenopausal women with BC, without bone metastasis, renal function impairment and who were not receiving bone-active drugs were selected from a population of 523 outpatients treated for BC. According to the presence of hormonal receptors, HER2 and Ki67, seventeen had positive hormonal receptors and received anastrozole (AI group), and seventeen were triple-negative receptors (non-AI group), previously treated with chemotherapy.

Body composition, but not insulin resistance, influences postprandial lipemia in patients with Turner's syndrome.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of body composition and insulin resistance on the magnitude of postprandial lipemia in patients with Turner's syndrome receiving oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with Turner's syndrome receiving oral or transdermal estrogen replacement were evaluated for body mass index, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, fasting glycemia, insulin, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and postprandial lipid metabolism. For statistical analysis, we used parametric tests to compare numeric variables between the two subgroups.

Active search of adult patients with persistently low serum alkaline phosphatase levels for the diagnosis of hypophosphatasia.

Objective: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is the main laboratory marker of hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare disease unknown to most physicians. The prevalence of HPP has been widely discussed in the literature due to the diverse phenotypes of HPP. The purpose of this study was to search for patients with hypophosphatasemia based on previous biochemistry tests and reevaluate them to confirm the diagnosis of HPP.

Bone Evaluation by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Patients With Adrenal Incidentaloma.

Context: Data regarding high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) are unknown.

Purpose: To evaluate the areal bone mineral density (aBMD), microstructure, and fractures in patients with nonfunctioning AI (NFAI) and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS).

Methods: We evaluated 45 patients with NFAI (1 mg dexamethasone suppression test [DST] ≤1.

Alendronate improves bone density and type I collagen accumulation but increases the amount of pentosidine in the healing dental alveolus of ovariectomized rabbits.

Background: It has been shown that the oral aminobisphosphonate sodium alendronate (ALN) therapy reduces the risk of main fractures in osteoporotic women, but its effect on the jaw bones is poorly known. Here, we hypothesized that ALN affects the newly formed alveolar bone, particularly the quality of the type I collagen cross-linking.

Methods: Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in 6-month old rabbits.

Diagnosis and treatment of hypoparathyroidism: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Objective To present an update on the diagnosis and treatment of hypoparathyroidism based on the most recent scientific evidence. Materials and methods The Department of Bone and Mineral Metabolism of the Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SBEM; Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism) was invited to prepare a document following the rules set by the Guidelines Program of the Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB; Brazilian Medical Association). Relevant papers were retrieved from the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO, and the evidence derived from each article was classified into recommendation levels according to scientific strength and study type.

Impact of Weight Loss With Intragastric Balloon on Bone Density and Microstructure in Obese Adults.

The historical concept that obesity protects against bone fractures has been questioned. Weight loss appears to reduce bone mineral density (BMD); however, the results in young adults are inconsistent, and data on the effects of weight loss on bone microstructure are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of weight loss using an intragastric balloon (IGB) on bone density and microstructure.

HR-pQCT detects alterations in bone microstructure in men with CKD stages 3 and 4, which are influenced by hormonal changes and body composition .

Introduction: Factors associated with osteodystrophy in predialysis patients are poorly understood. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the impact of body composition and hormonal regulatory factors on the bone microstructure in a group of men with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4.

Materials And Methods: 46 men, aged 50 - 75 years, with previously unrecognized CKD were evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Impact of 6 months of treatment with intragastric balloon on body fat and quality of life in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide public health issue with a negative impact on quality of life. Different weight loss interventions have demonstrated improvements in quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 months of treatment with an intragastric balloon (IGB) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its relation to changes in body fat in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Inhaled glucocorticoids are associated with vertebral fractures in COPD patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. Oral glucocorticoids are deleterious to bone; however, the impact of inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether ICS contribute to osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Influence on Bone Metabolism and Density in a Brazilian Population of Healthy Men.

Vitamin D supplementation is universal for postmenopausal women, but not for elderly men, in whom osteoporosis is also commonly neglected. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D deficiency and its association with secondary hyperparathyroidism, bone resorption, and bone density in Brazilian men. A total of 120 men, 20-93 years, were evaluated for serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, biochemical markers of bone resorption (carboxy-terminal telopeptide, carboxy-terminal peptide of type I collagen), and bone mineral density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).

Impact of a 6-month treatment with intragastric balloon on body composition and psychopathological profile in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month treatment with intragastric balloon (IGB) on body composition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: Fifty patients (aged 18-50 years) with obesity and MS were selected for treatment with IGB for 6 months. Body composition was verified with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and right after IGB removal.

Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies.

The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g.

Vitamin D status in a Brazilian cohort of adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The purpose was to determine the prevalence and related factors of vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency in adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus. A cohort of 65 patients (17.6 ± 2 years) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were examined for pubertal development, nutrition, serum parathormone and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D].

Assessment of Predictive Response Factors to Intragastric Balloon Therapy for the Treatment of Obesity.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is difficult to control with non-invasive treatments, which usually present poor results. In this context, the intragastric balloon (IGB) is an important tool that presents a mean body weight loss (BWL) estimated at approximately 12%, although individual responses are highly variable.

Objectives: This study assesses whether there are factors that can predict responses to IGB therapy either before or early after placement of the device.

Nutritional Status, Body Composition, and Bone Health in Women After Bariatric Surgery at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro.

Introduction: Calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency can occur after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) because of impaired absorption, resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased risk of reduced bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess nutritional status, body composition, and bone health in women after RYGBP.

Method: Twenty-five premenopausal women who had undergone RYGBP (test group) and 33 women matched for age and body mass index who had not undergone surgery (control group) participated.

Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis: A Report of Two Cases.

The aim of this case study is to describe changes in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, as well as volumetric bone density and microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in two patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) and compare with 20 healthy subjects. We describe a 44-year-old male patient with six low-impact fractures since he was age 16 years, and a 32-year-old female patient with four low-impact fractures on her past history. Radiographic changes were typical of ADO.

Importance of bone assessment and prevention of osteoporotic fracture in patients with prostate cancer in the gonadotropic hormone analogues use.

The antiandrogenic therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer represents an additional risk factor for the development of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Still, bone health of patients on ADT is often not evaluated. After literature research we found that simple preventive measures can prevent bone loss in these patients, resulting in more cost-effective solutions to the public health system and family when compared to the treatment of fractures.

Bone density and microarchitecture in endogenous hypercortisolism.

Objective: Osteoporosis is a serious and underestimated complication of endogenous hypercortisolism that results in an increased risk of fractures, even in patients with normal or slightly decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Alterations in bone microarchitecture, a very important component of bone quality, may explain bone fragility. The aim of this study was to investigate bone density and microarchitecture in a cohort of patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS).