Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Advances in Imaging, Pathology, and Personalized Care.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, affecting both low- and middle-income countries, with a growing number of cases. In 2024, about 310,720 women in the U.S.

Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review.

The development of the Gleason grading system has proven to be an irreplaceable tool in prostate cancer diagnostics within urology. Despite the advancements and developments in diagnostics, there remains a discrepancy in the grading process among even the most experienced pathologists. AI algorithms have demonstrated potential in detecting cancer and assigning Gleason grades, offering a solution to the issue of significant variability among pathologists' evaluations.

Foramen Tympanicum (Foramen of Huschke) as a Cause of Unexplained Spontaneous Otorrhea: A Case Report.

The foramen of Huschke or foramen tympanicum is a developmental defect in the bony part of the external auditory meatus. It occurs due to incomplete obliteration of the tympanic canal and the persistence of openings along the canal. This leads to the presence of a salivary fistula and the most common symptoms of the condition are otalgia, otorrhea, and hearing loss.

Exploring the impact of curcumin on osteoarthritis symptomatology: correlations and insights from a Bulgarian cohort.

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder associated with pain and functional impairment. Curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory compound, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in osteoarthritis management.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Objectives: This review aims to delve into the role of artificial intelligence in medicine. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by superficial mucosal inflammation, rectal bleeding, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. By identifying the challenges inherent in UC diagnosis, we seek to highlight the potential impact of artificial intelligence on enhancing both diagnosis and treatment methodologies for this condition.

Rare case of enteric type of urachal adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Urachal adenocarcinomas, constituting 10 % of bladder adenocarcinomas, pose a significant challenge with limited literature. A 43-year-old male presented with haematuria and abdominal pain, leading to surgical intervention for a 13 cm pelvic tumor. Histopathology identified an intestinal-type primary urachal adenocarcinoma, staged as IIIA, no recurrence on follow-up.

Coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and Behçet's disease: Successful treatment with upadacitinib.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet's disease (BD) are distinct inflammatory disorders, but their coexistence is a rare clinical entity. This case sheds light on managing this complex scenario with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old woman presented with a decade-long history of lower back pain, nocturnal spinal discomfort, recurrent eye issues, oral and genital ulcers, hearing loss, pus formation in the left eye, and abdominal pain.

Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Literature Review.

Background: The aim of this review is to explore the role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, how it impacts CRC morbidity and mortality, and why its role in clinical medicine is limited.

Methods: A targeted, non-systematic review of the published literature relating to colorectal cancer diagnosis was performed with PubMed databases that were scouted to help provide a more defined understanding of the recent advances regarding artificial intelligence and their impact on colorectal-related morbidity and mortality. Articles were included if deemed relevant and including information associated with the keywords.

Comprehensive Exploration of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs): Unveiling Clinical Significance, Associations with Cancer, and the Nuances of Differential Diagnosis in Positive ANA Patients.

This comprehensive review delves into the complex realm of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), expanding beyond their traditional involvement in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. By digging into historical changes, diagnostic complexity, and clinical significance, the debate reveals the shifting relationships between ANAs, particularly with cancer. Specialized studies provide practical insights on ANA testing processes, standardization, and upcoming challenges.

EUS-Guided Combined Injection Therapy as a Secondary Prophylaxis of Gastric Variceal Bleeding in a Patient Contraindicated for TIPS: Case Report.

: Although bleeding from gastric varices is less observed than esophageal variceal bleeding (VB) (25% vs. 64%), it is associated with an exceedingly high mortality rate of up to 45%. Current guidelines suggest that endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection therapy (ECI) is the first-line treatment for gastric variceal bleeding (GVB).

Surgical Innovations in Tracheal Reconstruction: A Review on Synthetic Material Fabrication.

: The aim of this review is to explore the recent surgical innovations in tracheal reconstruction by evaluating the uses of synthetic material fabrication when dealing with tracheomalacia or stenotic pathologies, then discussing the challenges holding back these innovations. : A targeted non-systematic review of published literature relating to tracheal reconstruction was performed within the PubMed database to help identify how synthetic materials are utilised to innovate tracheal reconstruction. : The advancements in 3D printing to aid synthetic material fabrication have unveiled promising alternatives to conventional approaches.

Examining the Safety Profile of Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors in the Management of Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have heralded a paradigm shift in the management of immune-mediated diseases. While their efficacy is well-established, the safety concerns associated with these agents, particularly regarding thromboembolic events (TE), remain a focus of extensive research and clinical scrutiny. This comprehensive literature review embarks on an exploration of the multifaceted landscape of JAK inhibitors, providing insights into their safety profiles across diverse immune-mediated diseases.

Celebrating Versatility: Febuxostat's Multifaceted Therapeutic Application.

Febuxostat, initially developed as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor to address hyperuricemia in gout patients, has evolved into a versatile therapeutic agent with multifaceted applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of febuxostat's mechanism of action, its effectiveness in gout management, its cardiovascular safety profile, renal and hepatic effects, musculoskeletal applications, safety considerations, and emerging research prospects. Febuxostat's primary mechanism involves selective inhibition of xanthine oxidase, resulting in reduced uric acid production.

Exploring the Novel Dimension of Immune Interactions in Pain: JAK Inhibitors' Pleiotropic Potential.

This review explores the link between immune interactions and chronic pain, offering new perspectives on treatment. It focuses on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors' potential in pain management. Immune cells' communication with neurons shapes neuroinflammatory responses, and JAK inhibitors' effects on pain pathways are discussed, including cytokine suppression and microglial modulation.