Task-based functional connectivity reveals aberrance with the salience network during emotional interference in late-life depression.

Objectives: Late-life depression (LLD) is a common and debilitating disorder. Previously, resting-state studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks in LLD. Since LLD is associated with emotional-cognitive control deficits, the aim of this study was to compare FC of large-scale brain networks in older adults with and without a history of LLD during a cognitive control task with emotional stimuli.

Brain pathology and cognitive scores prior to onset of late-life depression.

Objectives: Understanding the biological changes that occur prior to onset of late-life depression (LLD) is key to its prevention. To investigate potential predictors of LLD, we assessed cognitive scores and neurodegenerative and vascular biomarkers in healthy older adults who later developed depression.

Methods: Longitudinal data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative of 241 cognitively unimpaired and non-depressed older adults aged 56-90 at baseline with at least 4 years of follow-up were included.

Inhibition of emotions in healthy aging: age-related differences in brain network connectivity.

Introduction: Successful inhibition of distracting emotions is important for preserving well-being and daily functioning. There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of healthy aging on emotional inhibition, and possible age-related alterations in the neuronal underpinnings of emotional interference processing are unexplored.

Methods: Thirty younger (mean age 26 years; 15 women) and 30 older (mean age 71 years; 13 women) healthy adults performed a face-word emotional Stroop task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.

COVID-19 Concerns Among Old Age Psychiatric In- and Out-Patients and the Employees Caring for Them, a Preliminary Study.

A questionnaire was administered to 14 patients admitted at the Department of Old Age Psychiatric 24-h unit at Oslo University Hospital with questions about experiences and fears regarding COVID-19. A similar adjusted questionnaire was administered to 19 outpatients. The purpose was to investigate if the patients had fears, anxieties, and quality of life issues related to COVID-19 that could affect their treatment.

Performance on the mini-mental state exam and the Montreal cognitive assessment in a sample of old age psychiatric patients.

Objective: This study assesses to what extent the Mini-Mental State Exam and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores may predict the presence of dementia in a sample of typical old age psychiatric patients who may or may not have temporally or permanently reduced cognitive abilities.

Methods: A total of 141 inpatients completed the Mini-Mental State Exam and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at arrival. All patients were subsequently diagnosed during their stay at the age-psychiatric unit.

Managing depressive symptoms in people with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia with a multicomponent psychotherapy intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the CORDIAL program, a psychosocial intervention consisting of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive rehabilitation, and reminiscence to manage depressive symptoms for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial, based on a two-group (intervention and control), pre-/post-intervention design.

Setting: Participants were recruited from five different old age psychiatry and memory clinics at outpatients' hospitals.

Effect of Self-Efficacy on Quality of Life in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Anxiety.

Objectives: To examine the mediating effects of depression and anxiety in the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia.

Method: A total of 196 patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia due to Alzheimer disease completed structured measures of self-efficacy, quality of life, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. We examined direct and mediated effects by fitting structural equation models to data.

The effect of anxiety on cognition in older adult inpatients with depression: results from a multicenter observational study.

Late-life depression is associated with reduced cognitive function beyond normal age-related cognitive deficits. As comorbid anxiety frequently occur in late-life depression, this study aimed to examine the association between anxiety symptoms and cognitive function among older inpatients treated for depression. We hypothesized that there would be an overall additive effect of comorbid anxiety symptoms on dysfunction across cognitive domains.

Challenges With Manual-Based Multimodal Psychotherapy for People With Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Study.

Earlier detection of dementia requires increased knowledge of how to help people in the early stages of dementia. However, few studies have focused on how psychotherapy should be adapted to improve the outcome of therapy for people with Alzheimer's disease. The aims of the present study were to identify and to explore possible obstacles encountered during the use of manual-based psychotherapy for people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease.

Working memory in recurrent brief depression: an fMRI pilot study.

Background: We examined women with recurrent brief depression (RBD) with and without episodes of hypomania with an n-back working memory paradigm to assess how working memory load affects the neurological network corresponding to working memory for these groups.

Method: Participants (n=33) were medication-free and mostly euthymic while performing a 1-back and a 2-back task in the fMRI scanner. Differential activation results between the tasks were assessed globally and within seven predefined regions of interest associated with working memory activation.

Sex differences in language asymmetry are age-dependent and small: a large-scale, consonant-vowel dichotic listening study with behavioral and fMRI data.

Men are often believed to have a functionally more asymmetrical brain organization than women, but the empirical evidence for sex differences in lateralization is unclear to date. Over the years we have collected data from a vast number of participants using the same consonant-vowel dichotic listening task, a reliable marker for language lateralization. One dataset comprised behavioral data from 1782 participants (885 females, 125 non-right-handers), who were divided in four age groups (children <10 yrs, adolescents = 10-15 yrs, younger adults = 16-49 yrs, and older adults >50 yrs).

The validity of the Montgomery-Aasberg depression rating scale as a screening tool for depression in later life.

Background: The aims of the study were to examine the validity of the MADRS and to compare it with the validity of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD).

Methods: We included 140 patients without dementia, with mean age 81.5 (sd 7.

An fMRI study of auditory hallucinations in patients with epilepsy.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate behavioral and brain activation in nonpsychotic hallucinating individuals. Auditory hallucinations are reported by patients with epilepsy, although less frequent than visual hallucinations are. If behavioral and neuronal activation patterns in hallucinating patients with epilepsy are found to be similar to what has been found in hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, this would support a unique neuronal representation for auditory hallucinations cutting across diagnostic groups.

An fMRI case study of visual memory in a patient with epilepsy: comparison before and after temporal lobe surgery.

We report fMRI activation data for a female patient with epilepsy, who was tested before and 2 years after resection surgery, to assess changes in fMRI activation. Areas within her right ATL/MTL were removed during surgery, including the right hippocampus. A visuo-spatial task was used in which novel and familiar pictures of objects, animals, scenes and buildings were randomly presented.

An fMRI analysis of object priming and workload in the precuneus complex.

Drawings depicting familiar objects and unreal structures were presented twice, and participants (N=16) determined whether line drawings were real (familiar) or unreal (unfamiliar). The second presentation (repetition) of a drawing was typically responded to faster and more accurately than the first presentation and was accompanied by reduced activation in occipitotemporal (fusiform) and lateral precuneus regions, and increased activation in medial precuneus regions. The behavioral effects and reduced activations (e.

Automatic semantic priming in the left and right hemispheres.

We investigated hemispheric differences and inter-hemispheric transfer of facilitation in automatic semantic priming, using prime-target pairs composed of words of the same category but not associated (e.g. skirt-glove), and a blank-target baseline condition.

Fast perceptual priming in the left and right hemispheres.

Visual field differences in fast perceptual priming of possible and impossible object decisions were investigated in a go/no-go task. Each participant (n = 74) was tested in two blocks of trials, each block containing 128 combinations of same-field and cross-field presentations of prime (blank) and target stimuli. The results indicate that fast perceptual priming of object decisions recruits processes that involve both cerebral hemispheres, independent of pre-existing representation.