Pre-osteoblastic cell response on three-dimensional, organic-inorganic hybrid material scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Engineering artificial scaffolds that enhance cell adhesion and growth in three dimensions is essential to successful bone tissue engineering. However, the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds exhibiting complex micro- and nano-features still remains a challenge. Few materials can be structured in three dimensions, and even those have not been characterized for their mechanical and biological properties.