Incidence and Risk Factors of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Postadenotonsillectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) postadenoidectomy, posttonsillectomy, and postadenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Academic tertiary care center (2007-2014).

A general review of the otolaryngologic manifestations of Down Syndrome.

Objective: Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosome abnormality in liveborn children. Otolaryngologists frequently encounter these patients in their practice; in one survey, 50% of DS patients had been seen by Otolaryngology at least once. As such, it is essential that the practicing Otolaryngologist is aware of the otologic, rhinologic, and laryngologic manifestations of this complex disease and comfortable in the management and treatment of these unique patients.