Blended feeding in gastrostomy-fed children-A scoping review.

Background: Blended feeding has become increasingly prevalent in recent years with its practice gaining some momentum. With anecdotal reports of benefits and little evidence of harm in the literature regarding blended feeding, this scoping review was deemed important. The aim of this scoping review was to summarise the published evidence about blended feeding in gastrostomy-fed children.

A mutual regulatory loop between miR-155 and SOCS1 influences renal inflammation and diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, a global health issue. Hyperglycemia, in concert with cytokines, activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway to induce inflammation and oxidative stress contributing to renal damage. There is evidence of microRNA-155 (miR-155) involvement in diabetes complications, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

A study of the immune infiltrate and patient outcomes in esophageal cancer.

Objectives: Cancer patient outcomes and selection for novel therapies are heavily influenced by the immune contexture of the tumor microenvironment. Esophageal cancer is associated with poor outcomes. In contrast to colorectal cancer, where the immunoscore is increasingly used in prognostic staging, little is known about the immune cell populations in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and their clinical significance.

High-Fat Diet Accelerates Carcinogenesis in a Mouse Model of Barrett's Esophagus via Interleukin 8 and Alterations to the Gut Microbiome.

Background & Aims: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Progression from BE to cancer is associated with obesity, possibly due to increased abdominal pressure and gastroesophageal reflux disease, although this pathogenic mechanism has not been proven. We investigated whether environmental or dietary factors associated with obesity contribute to the progression of BE to EAC in mice.

Altered T Cell Migratory Capacity in the Progression from Barrett Oesophagus to Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an inflammation-driven cancer with poor prognosis and incidence is increasing rapidly. OAC arises from gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and reflux-induced Barrett oesophagus (BO). The role of T cells in this disease progression is not yet fully understood.

Parallel Profiles of Inflammatory and Effector Memory T Cells in Visceral Fat and Liver of Obesity-Associated Cancer Patients.

In the midst of a worsening obesity epidemic, the incidence of obesity-associated morbidities, including cancer, diabetes, cardiac and liver disease is increasing. Insights into mechanisms underlying pathological obesity-associated inflammation are lacking. Both the omentum, the principal component of visceral fat, and liver of obese individuals are sites of excessive inflammation, but to date the T cell profiles of both compartments have not been assessed or compared in a patient cohort with obesity-associated disease.

CCR1 antagonism attenuates T cell trafficking to omentum and liver in obesity-associated cancer.

Obesity is a global health problem presenting serious risk of disease fuelled by chronic inflammation, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease and cancer. Visceral fat, in particular the omentum and liver of obese individuals are sites of excessive inflammation. We propose that chemokine-mediated trafficking of pro-inflammatory cells to the omentum and liver contributes to local and subsequent systemic inflammation.

Impact of the inflammatory microenvironment on T-cell phenotype in the progression from reflux oesophagitis to Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), arising from reflux-induced Barrett oesophagus (BO), is increasing dramatically. T-cells have recently been implicated in the initiation of oesophagitis; however, their role in the progression from oesophagitis to BO and OAC has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have examined the secreted cytokines from oesophageal tissue during disease progression but this study is the first to examine the activation phenotype and the inflammatory profile of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells in human oesophagitis, BO and OAC tissue.