Serum HMGB1 in febrile seizures.

The role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear. In our controlled follow-up study, we compared serum levels of HMGB1 (s-HMGB1) in the same individuals after the first FS, during febrile episodes without a FS, after recurrent FS, during healthy periods after FS, and between patients and controls. In all, 122 patients with FSs were included in the final analysis, including 18 with recurrent FSs with a complete follow-up protocol.

Recurrent febrile seizures and serum cytokines: a controlled follow-up study.

Background: The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear, and information regarding cytokine production outside of FS episodes is scarce.

Methods: In our controlled follow-up study of patients with FSs, we compared the levels of 12 serum cytokines after the patients' first FSs, during febrile episodes without FSs, after recurrent FSs, during healthy periods after FSs, and between patients and controls.

Results: Two-hundred fifty-one patients with first FS participated in the study, of whom 17 (mean age 1.