Therapeutic Potential of Prenylated Flavonoids of the Fabaceae Family in Medicinal Chemistry: An Updated Review.

Much attention has been paid to the potential biological activities of prenylated flavonoids (PFs) in various plant families over the last decade. They have enormous potential for biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, and neuroprotective activities. Medicinal chemists have recently shown a strong interest in PFs, as they are critical to the development of new medicines.

Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities.

Prenylated flavonoids (PFs) are natural flavonoids with a prenylated side chain attached to the flavonoid skeleton. They have great potential for biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, and anti-Alzheimer's effects. Medicinal chemists have recently paid increasing attention to PFs, which have become vital for developing new therapeutic agents.

Factors Affecting the Bioproduction of Resveratrol by Grapevine Cell Cultures under Elicitation.

Here we present a study of the characterization and optimization of the production of trans-Resveratrol (-R) in grape ( cv. Gamay) cell cultures elicited with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DIMEB). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a number of factors of the grapevine cell culture on -R production level in 250 mL shaken flasks that would enable the better control of this bioproduction system when it is upscaled to a 2 L stirred bioreactor.

Assignment of a Reference Value of Total Cow's Milk Protein Content in Baked Cookies Used in an Interlaboratory Comparison.

Interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) in the food allergens field mainly rely on the use of consensus values per applied methodology or even per type of an ELISA test kit. Results suggest good reproducibility; however, possible biases may not be recognized since metrological traceability to an independent reference is lacking. The work presented here utilizes isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) to assign a reference value of the total cow's milk protein (TCMP) content in a baked cookie and its associated uncertainty.

Down-Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Kinase in Grapevine Cell Cultures and Leaves Is Linked to Enhanced Resveratrol Biosynthesis.

In grapevine, trans-Resveratrol (tR) is produced as a defence mechanism against stress or infection. tR is also considered to be important for human health, which increases its interest to the scientific community. Transcriptomic analysis in grapevine cell cultures treated with the defence response elicitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) revealed that both copies of PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE () were down-regulated significantly.

A reference method for determining the total allergenic protein content in a processed food: the case of milk in cookies as proof of concept.

The establishment of a reference method for the determination of the allergen protein content in a processed food material has been explored. An analytical approach was developed to enable the comparability of food allergen measurement results expressed in a decision-relevant manner. A proof of concept is here presented, resulting in quantity values for the common measurand, namely 'mass of total allergen protein per mass of food'.

An assessment of the impact of extraction and digestion protocols on multiplexed targeted protein quantification by mass spectrometry for egg and milk allergens.

The unintentional presence of even trace amounts of certain foods constitutes a major hazard for those who suffer from food allergies. For many food industries, product and raw ingredient surveillance forms part of their risk assessment procedures. This may require the detection of multiple allergens in a wide variety of matrices.

A Deep Proteomics Perspective Into Grape Berry Quality Traits During Ripening.

Discovery-based proteomics studies have an important role in the understanding of the biochemical processes that occur during grape berry ripening. The ripening process is relevant in determining grape berry quality. For a proteome analysis of grape berry ripening, Kambiranda et al.

Targeted Quantification of Isoforms of a Thylakoid-Bound Protein: MRM Method Development.

Targeted mass spectrometric methods such as selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) have found intense application in protein detection and quantification which competes with classical immunoaffinity techniques. It provides a universal procedure to develop a fast, highly specific, sensitive, accurate, and cheap methodology for targeted detection and quantification of proteins based on the direct analysis of their surrogate peptides typically generated by tryptic digestion. This methodology can be advantageously applied in the field of plant proteomics and particularly for non-model species since immunoreagents are scarcely available.

Defining the wheat gluten peptide fingerprint via a discovery and targeted proteomics approach.

Unlabelled: Accurate, reliable and sensitive detection methods for gluten are required to support current EU regulations. The enforcement of legislative levels requires that measurement results are comparable over time and between methods. This is not a trivial task for gluten which comprises a large number of protein targets.

RNA isolation from loquat and other recalcitrant woody plants with high quality and yield.

RNA isolation is difficult in plants that contain large amounts of polysaccharides and polyphenol compounds. To date, no commercial kit has been developed for the isolation of high-quality RNA from tissues with these characteristics, especially for fruit. The common protocols for RNA isolation are tedious and usually result in poor yields when applied to recalcitrant plant tissues.

Development and validation of MRM methods to quantify protein isoforms of polyphenol oxidase in loquat fruits.

Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is emerging as a promising technique for the detection and quantification of protein biomarkers in complex biological samples. Compared to Western blotting or enzyme assays, its high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, assay speed, and sample throughput represent a clear advantage for being the approach of choice for the analysis of proteins. MRM assays are capable of detecting and quantifying proteolytic peptides differing in mass unique to particular proteins, that is, proteotypic peptides, through which different protein isoforms can be distinguished.

iTRAQ-based protein profiling provides insights into the central metabolism changes driving grape berry development and ripening.

Background: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop. Quality-determining grape components such as sugars, acids, flavors, anthocyanins, tannins, etc.

A DIGE-based quantitative proteomic analysis of grape berry flesh development and ripening reveals key events in sugar and organic acid metabolism.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop. Quality-determining grape components, such as sugars, acids, flavours, anthocyanins, tannins, etc.

Lights and shadows of proteomic technologies for the study of protein species including isoforms, splicing variants and protein post-translational modifications.

Recent reviews pinpointed the enormous diversity of proteins found in living organisms, especially in higher eukaryotes. Protein diversity is driven through three main processes: first, at deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level (i.e.

iTRAQ-based profiling of grape berry exocarp proteins during ripening using a parallel mass spectrometric method.

The 4-plex iTRAQ platform was utilized to analyze the protein profiles in four stages of grapevine berry skin ripening, from pre-veraison to fully ripening. Mass spectrometric data were acquired from three replicated analyses using a parallel acquisition method in an Orbitrap instrument by combining collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision-induced dissociation (HCD) peptide ion fragmentations. As a result, the number of spectra suitable for peptide identification (either from CID or HCD) increased 5-fold in relation to those suitable for quantification (from HCD).

iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis of protein mixtures with large fold change and dynamic range.

Quantitation of changes in protein abundance is key to understanding the alterations that biological systems undergo and to discovering novel biomarkers. Currently, HPLC-MS/MS can be used to quantify changes in protein expression levels [Ong, S. E.

Proteomics of multigenic families from species underrepresented in databases: the case of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) polyphenol oxidases.

Here, we approach the problem of obtaining accurate and reliable information about the gene origin of a protein belonging to a multigenic family, polyphenol oxidase, from an underrepresented species, Eriobotrya japonica. De novo sequencing was a key approach to obtain broad sequence coverage. Alignment of peptides on their most similar homologous protein revealed divergent amino acid positions that lead to hypothesize the minimal number of genes encoding for the proteins analyzed.