Monocrotaline induces acutely cerebrovascular lesions, astrogliosis and neuronal degeneration associated with behavior changes in rats: A model of vascular damage in perspective.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites playing an important role as phytotoxins in the plant defense mechanisms and can be present as contaminant in the food of humans and animals. The PA monocrotaline (MCT), one of the major plant derived toxin that affect humans and animals, is present in a high concentration in Crotalaria spp. (Leguminosae) seeds and can induce toxicity after consumption, characterized mainly by hepatotoxicity and pneumotoxicity.

Saponin-rich fraction from : effect against malignant astrocytic cells and its chemical characterisation by ESI-MS/MS.

Astrocytic tumour cells derived from human (GL-15) and rat (C6) gliomas, as well as non-tumoural astrocytic cells, were exposed to the saponin-rich fraction (SF) from waste and the cytotoxic effects were evaluated. Cytotoxicity assays revealed a reduction of cell viability that was more intensive in glioma than in non-tumoural cells. The SF induced morphological changes in C6 cells.

Involvement of astrocytic CYP1A1 isoform in the metabolism and toxicity of the alkaloid pyrrolizidine monocrotaline.

Monocrotaline (MCT) and its pyrrole derivative, dehydromonocrotaline (DHMC), interact with molecular targets in cells of the central nervous system. DHMC presents higher toxicity than MCT indicating that its metabolism of MCT is a critical step of this alkaloid toxicity. This study sought to elucidate the metabolism and the toxicity of MCT in C6 astrocyte cell line and primary cultures of rat astrocytes by investigating metabolic enzymatic mechanisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system and conjugation with glutathione.

In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Agave sisalana Perr. (sisal) on gastrointestinal nematodes of goats.

This study describes the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts (AE), ethyl acetate extracts (EE), flavonoid fractions (FF) and saponin fractions (SF) obtained from sisal waste (Agave sisalana) against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. The activity of these extracts was evaluated by performing inhibition of egg hatch (EHA) and larval migration (LMI) assays. The EC(50) results of the EHA corresponded to 4.

[Effects of aqueous extracts of Mentha piperita L. and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves in infective larvae cultures of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats].

Phitotherapy has been frequently utilized in parasitism control for numerous animal species. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the in vitro effects of aqueous extracts of Mentha piperita L. and Chenopodium ambrosioides L.