Knowledge, attitude, and practices of restaurant and foodservice personnel in food allergy. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Currently, there may be 240-250 million people worldwide affected by food allergies. Dining out can be challenging for individuals with food allergies who rely on restaurant and food service staff to properly prepare allergen-free meals. For this reason, the personnel working in restaurants and other food services play a significant role in managing the risks faced by customers with food allergies.

Experiences and perceptions of people with celiac disease, food allergies and food intolerance when dining out.

Introduction: Eating out is a common practice in modern society. Celiac disease (CeD) and food allergy (FA) are among the most common conditions responsible for adverse reactions to food. Despite their different origins, both require treatment with restrictive diets (avoidance of gluten and/or specific allergens) and this results posing similar challenges when eating out.

Melatonin induces fat browning by transdifferentiation of white adipocytes and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

The role of melatonin in obesity control is extensively accepted, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Previously we demonstrated that chronic oral melatonin acts as a brown-fat inducer, driving subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) into a brown-fat-like function (beige) in obese diabetic rats. However, immunofluorescence characterization of beige depots in sWAT and whether melatonin is a beige-fat inducer by differentiation and/or transdifferentiation of white adipocytes are still undefined.

Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic control through lifestyle modification implementing diet intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a significant health problem. Many studies have reported that intensive nutritional intervention by itself or in addition to medications is the best method to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, in clinical practice, dietary education is not implemented as an integral part in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Serum zinc and copper concentrations and ratios in cirrhotic patients: correlation with severity index.

Introduction: zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential elements that play an important role in the whole-body metabolism and seems to have a role in the pathogenesis of the liver cirrhosis (LC).

Objective: the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence on serum Zn and Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios of different factors like cirrhosis, severity index, age, sex, death, and disease complications.

Methods: ninety-three patients with LC were included.

Antioxidant activity and nutritional status in anorexia nervosa: effects of weight recovery.

Few studies are focused on the antioxidant status and its changes in anorexia nervosa (AN). Based on the hypothesis that renutrition improves that status, the aim was to determine the plasma antioxidant status and the antioxidant enzymes activity at the beginning of a personalized nutritional program (T0) and after recovering normal body mass index (BMI) (T1). The relationship between changes in BMI and biochemical parameters was determined.

Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics insights into diabetes etiopathogenesis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a global pandemic, and the incidence of DM continues to grow worldwide. Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic predisposition and dietary factors appear to be involved.

Effect of Physical Activity, Nutritional Education, and Consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Lipid, Physiological, and Anthropometric Profiles in a Pediatric Population.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nutritional education and vigorous physical activity on health-related parameters.

Methods: The sample group consisted of 134 children from 5 rurally located schools. Participants were divided between 5 different experimental groups: control group (CG), physical activity group (PA), nutritional education group (NE), combined intervention group (PA+NE), and a combined intervention group with additional substitution of normally used oil for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO; PA+NE+EVOO).

Serum Zn levels and Cu/Zn ratios worsen in hemodialysis patients, implying increased cardiovascular risk: a 2-year longitudinal study.

The objective of this study was to analyze serum Zn and Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios in 116 hemodialysis patients (HPs) over a 2-year longitudinal study at four time points (6-month intervals). The relation exerted on these values by 26 biochemical and nutritional indexes, the age and drug consumption of the patients, and the etiology of their disease were also evaluated. A healthy control group (n = 50) was also studied.

Results of a 7-week school-based physical activity and nutrition pilot program on health-related parameters in primary school children in southern Spain.

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition education combined with sessions of vigorous extracurricular physical activity (VEPA) on the improvement of health related parameters in children in primary education. The sample group consisted of 54 children in the fifth year of primary education divided into two groups: an intervention group (IG) of 25 students and a control group (CG) of 29 students. The intervention lasted 7 weeks and consisted of 13 sessions of VEPA combined with sessions of nutritional education that were attended by the students in the IG as well as their parents.

Altered serum selenium and uric acid levels and dyslipidemia in hemodialysis patients could be associated with enhanced cardiovascular risk.

In the present study, the first objective was to follow up serum selenium (Se) concentrations in 117 hemodialysis patients (HPs) during a 2-year longitudinal study, relating concentrations to biochemical indexes (n = 6; namely lipoprotein profile, uric acid, and total protein levels). It was also evaluated whether the disease is associated with an enhanced cardiovascular risk. A healthy control group (n = 50) was also studied.

An extra-virgin olive oil rich in polyphenolic compounds has antioxidant effects in OF1 mice.

Extra-virgin olive oil (OO) is becoming more important in daily diets due to its beneficial effects on health, most of which are because of its antioxidant content. We studied the antioxidant activity and mechanisms of an extra-virgin OO that is rich in phenolics on pancreatic islets and liver in control mice (CTL) fed a nonpurified diet and in mice supplemented with 50 microL/d sunflower oil (SO) or 50 microL/d extra-virgin OO for 4 d. Plasma hydroxytyrosol concentration was determined by HPLC-diode array detector.

Study of the phenolic composition of spanish and italian monocultivar extra virgin olive oils: Distribution of lignans, secoiridoidic, simple phenols and flavonoids.

The aim of the present study was to compare the phenolic content in selected monocultivar extra virgin olive oils. Analyses were carried out by HPLC/DAD/MS on Picual, Picuda, Arbequina and Hojiblanca oils from Spain and Seggianese and Taggiasca oils from Italy. Oils from cultivar Picual showed similar characteristics to those of Seggianese oils, with total amounts of secoiridoids of 498.