Inverse Correlation Between Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: Short Overview.

The negative association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer suggests that susceptibility to one disease may protect against the other. When biological mechanisms of AD and cancer and relationship between them are understood, the unsolved problem of both diseases which still touches the growing human population could be overcome. Actual information about biological mechanisms and common risk factors such as chronic inflammation, age-related metabolic deregulation, and family history is presented here.

Neurotrophic Activity of Cultured Cell Line U87 is Up-Regulated by Proline-Rich Polypeptide Complex and Its Constituent Nonapeptide.

Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as cytokines, for example, interleukin-6 (IL-6) play an important role in neuroprotection and in the control of the central nervous system (CNS) function. Reduced expression of neurotrophic factors can lead to dysregulation of neuron function and neuronal death. There is also evidence for mutual interactions between neurotrophins and IL-6.

Can proline-rich polypeptide complex mimic the effect of nerve growth factor?

Naturally occurring compounds that can act as prosurvival factors and neurite formation stimulants in the conditions of reduced neurotrophins production are important both in neuronal protection and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the role of proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its nonapeptide fragment (NP) in the promotion of pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) survival and neurite outgrowth pathway is presented. It was shown that PRP/NP did not affect the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) at the transcriptional and protein level.

Peptides accompanying chicken egg yolk IgY--alternative methods of isolation and immunoregulatory activity.

In the hen immune system the egg content plays as significant a role in the development of the chick as colostrum does in newborn mammals. One of the most important proteins in this system seems to be the main yolk immunoglobulin IgY. It has been shown that IgY is accompanied by an immunostimulatory polypeptide complex named yolkin.

Immunologically active peptides that accompany hen egg yolk immunoglobulin Y: separation and identification.

The protein mixture of cytokine-inducing activity accompanying chicken immunoglobulin Y, named yolkin, consists of several peptides of molecular weight (MW) ranging from over 1 to 35 kDa. Yolkin and its constituent peptides were found to be efficient inducers of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 secretion. N-terminal amino acid sequences of eight of the electrophoretically purified yolkin constituents revealed that all of them are homological to some fragments of the C-terminal domain of vitellogenin II.

Effect of the proline-rich polypeptide complex/colostrinin™ on the enzymatic antioxidant system.

Proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) and its constituent nonapeptide (NP) possess immunoregulatory and procognitive properties. PRP in the form of sublingually administered tablets called Colostrinin™ improves the outcome of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Free radical-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) influences inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice at the protein level.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) with immunoregulatory and procognitive properties showed a beneficial effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD) when administered orally in the form of Colostrinin(R) tablets. The mechanism of action of PRP/Colostrinin in AD has not been yet clarified. It is known that oxidative stress enhances neurodegenerative processes.

Proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) regulates secretion of inflammatory mediators by its effect on NF-kappaB activity.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) with immunoregulatory and procognitive activities shows beneficial effects in the Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism of action of PRP is not yet fully clarified, we have shown that the PRP complex inhibits overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS stimulation exerts its inflammatory effects through the activation of the classical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway.

Ovine colostrum nanopeptide affects amyloid beta aggregation.

A colostral proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) consisting of over 30 peptides shows beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients when administered in the form of sublinqual tablets called Colostrinin. The aim of the present studies was to investigate whether nanopeptide fragment of PRP (NP) - one of the PRP complex components can affect aggregation of amyloid beta (Abeta1-42). The effect of NP on Abeta aggregation was studied using Thioflavin T (ThT) binding, atomic force microscopy, and analyzing circular dichroism spectra.

[Alzheimer's disease: new prospects in therapy and applied experimental models].

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most common disease of modern society. The gradual and irreversible disturbances in homeostasis are characteristic features of the disease process. The cardinal features of AD include the formation of extracellular protein deposits in the brain that consist predominantly of aggregates of b amyloid protein(senile plaques), neurofibrilary tangles (hyperfosforylated tau protein) in the intracellular compartments,disturbances in calcium homeostasis, and degeneration/loss of synapses and neurons.

[The two faces of reactive oxygen species].

Oxidative stress has been implicated in playing a crucial role in aging and in the pathogeneses of a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance in prooxidant and antioxidant levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive and may modify and inactivate proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA and induce cellular dysfunctions.

[Structure and function of the central nervous system].

The main elements of the central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord. It contains millions of neurons and glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. The main role of the CNS is to process information, analyze signals, and activate effector organs.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) isolated from ovine colostrum. Modulation of H2O2 and cytokine induction in human leukocytes.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) has immunoregulatory properties and also shows beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is known that the unregulated activation of microglial cells in AD may result in chronic inflammatory response. There is a link between the activation of immune cells on the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS).

Studies on the mechanism of action of a proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP): effect on the stage of cell differentiation.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) with immunoregulatory and procognitive activities shows beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism of action of PRP in AD is not yet clarified. Here, we present results of the effect of PRP on Vitamin D3-induced phenotypic (CD11b and CD14) and functional (phagocytic) differentiation/maturation of monocytes/macrophages using the premonocytic HL-60 cell line as a model.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex and its nonapeptide fragment inhibit nitric oxide production induced in mice.

A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) isolated from ovine colostrum shows immunoregulatory and procognitive activities. It shows beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients when orally administered in the form of tablets called Colostrinin. The mechanism of action of PRP/Colostrinin in AD has not been yet clarified.

Colostrinin proline-rich polypeptide complex from ovine colostrum--a long-term study of its efficacy in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Colostrinin, a proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) isolated from ovine colostrum, with immunoregulatory and procognitive properties, has shown positive effects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term Colostrinin treatment of AD patients.

Material/methods: The patients were taking Colostrinin tablets (containing 100 mg of PRP complex) every other day for three weeks, followed by a 2-week hiatus to avoid the development of hyporeactivity.