Prospective study of diagnostic accuracy in the detection of high-grade prostate cancer in biopsy-naïve patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer who underwent the Select MDx test.

Objectives: This study aimed to externally validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Select MDx test for Significant prostate cancer (Sig PCa) (ISUP > 1), in a contemporaneous, prospective, multicenter cohort with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 3 and 10 ng/ml and a non-suspicious digital rectal examination.

Methods And Participants: For all enrolled patients, the Select Mdx test, the risk calculator ERSPC3 + DRE, and a prostatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were carried out. Subsequently, a systematic 12-core trans-rectal biopsy and a targeted biopsy, in the case of a prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PIRADS) > 2 lesion (max three lesions), were performed.

Clinical, Cellular, and Molecular Evidence of the Additive Antitumor Effects of Biguanides and Statins in Prostate Cancer.

Context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among the male population worldwide. Unfortunately, current medical treatments fail to prevent PCa progression in a high percentage of cases; therefore, new therapeutic tools to tackle PCa are urgently needed. Biguanides and statins have emerged as antitumor agents for several endocrine-related cancers.

Unleashing the Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of the Neuronostatin/GPR107 System in Prostate Cancer.

Certain components of the somatostatin-system play relevant roles in Prostate Cancer (PCa), whose most aggressive phenotype (Castration-Resistant-PCa (CRPC)) remains lethal nowadays. However, neuronostatin and the G protein-coupled receptor 107 (GPR107), two novel members of the somatostatin-system, have not been explored yet in PCa. Consequently, we investigated the pathophysiological role of NST/GPR107-system in PCa.

Telomere-based risk models for the early diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to explore telomere-associated variables (TAV) as complementary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), analyzing their application in risk models for significant PCa (Gleason score > 6).

Methods: As part of a larger prospective longitudinal study of patients with suspicion of PCa undergoing prostate biopsy according to clinical practice, a subgroup of patients (n = 401) with PSA 3-10 ng/ml and no prior biopsies was used to evaluate the contribution of TAV to discern non-significant PCa from significant PCa. The cohort was randomly split for training (2/3) and validation (1/3) of the models.

A Single-Center Experience With Third and Fourth Kidney Transplants and Second Kidney Transplant After Pancreas-Kidney Transplant: Surgical Aspects and Outcomes.

Objectives: Overall, 25% to 33% of patients on kidney transplant wait lists present with prior graft loss. In addition, the number of patients who require a retransplant seems to be increasing. Here, we describe our experience with patients who had a second kidney transplant after a previous pancreas-kidney transplant or a third or fourth kidney transplant.

Dysregulation of the splicing machinery is directly associated to aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

Background: Dysregulation of splicing variants (SVs) expression has recently emerged as a novel cancer hallmark. Although the generation of aberrant SVs (e.g.

Clinical Utility of Ghrelin-O-Acyltransferase (GOAT) Enzyme as a Diagnostic Tool and Potential Therapeutic Target in Prostate Cancer.

Recent data suggested that plasma Ghrelin O-Acyl Transferase enzyme (GOAT) levels could represent a new diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic/aggressiveness capacity of GOAT in urine, as well as to interrogate its putative pathophysiological role in PCa. We analysed urine/plasma levels of GOAT in a cohort of 993 patients.

Observational study comparing the accuracy/variability between the ERSPC and the PCPT risk calculators for the prediction of significant prostate cancer in patients with PSA <10 ng/mL.

Introduction: Risk calculators (RCs) are easy-to-use tools considering available clinical variables that could help to select those patients with risk of prostate cancer (PCa) who should undergo a prostate biopsy.

Objective: To perform a comparison for the prediction of significant PCa (SigPCa) between the European Randomised Study of Screening for PCa (ERSPC) and the PCa Prevention Trial (PCPT) RCs in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 3 and 10 ng/mL through an evaluation of the accuracy/variability between two consecutive PSA values.

Setting: An observational study in a major university hospital in the south of Spain.

Oncogenic Role of Secreted Engrailed Homeobox 2 (EN2) in Prostate Cancer.

Engrailed variant-2 (EN2) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic biomarker; however, its presence and functional role in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is still controversial or unknown. Here, we analyzed 1) the expression/secretion profile of EN2 in five independent samples cohorts from PCa patients and controls (prostate tissues and/or urine) to determine its utility as a PCa biomarker; and 2) the functional role of EN2 in normal (RWPE1) and tumor (LNCaP/22Rv1/PC3) prostate cells to explore its potential value as therapeutic target. EN2 was overexpressed in our two cohorts of PCa tissues compared to control and in tumor cell lines compared with normal-like prostate cells.

Spliceosome component SF3B1 as novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers types among men. Development and progression of PCa is associated with aberrant expression of oncogenic splicing-variants (eg, AR-v7), suggesting that dysregulation of the splicing process might represent a potential actionable target for PCa. Expression levels (mRNA and protein) of SF3B1, one of the main components of the splicing machinery, were analyzed in different cohorts of PCa patients (clinically localized [n = 84], highly aggressive PCa [n = 42], and TCGA dataset [n = 497]).

CE-MS-based urinary biomarkers to distinguish non-significant from significant prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer progresses slowly when present in low risk forms but can be lethal when it progresses to metastatic disease. A non-invasive test that can detect significant prostate cancer is needed to guide patient management.

Methods: Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry has been employed to identify urinary peptides that may accurately detect significant prostate cancer.

Clinical association of metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein and testosterone levels with clinically significant prostate cancer.

Recently, the influence that metabolic syndrome (MetS), hormonal alterations and inflammation might have on prostate cancer (PCa) risk has been a subject of controversial debate. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between MetS-components, C-reactive protein (CRP) and testosterone levels, and the risk of clinically significant PCa (Sig-PCa) at the time of prostate biopsy. For that, men scheduled for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate were studied.

Plasma ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme levels: A novel non-invasive diagnosis tool for patients with significant prostate cancer.

Early detection of PCa faces severe limitations as PSA displays poor-specificity/sensitivity. As we recently demonstrated that plasma ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT)-enzyme is significantly elevated in PCa-patients compared with healthy-controls, using a limited patients-cohort, we aimed to further explore the potential of GOAT to improve PCa diagnosis using an ample patients-cohort (n = 312) and defining subgroups (i.e.

[Oligometastatic prostate cancer. concept and implications.].

Oligometastatic prostate cancer has been proposed as an intermediate stage between localized and extensively disseminated disease. Oligometastatic disease is being diagnosed more frequently due to the advances in imaging tests. Nevertheless, there is no consensus definition yet of oligometastatic prostate cancer.

New Approach to Guide Target Prostate Biopsy: Technique and Initial Experience.

Objective: To describe the technique of transrectal biopsy with a new device that fuses multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) and ultrasound images in real time to guide target biopsies and to evaluate our initial experience.

Methods: Patients with persistent suspicion of prostate cancer despite a previous negative biopsy and who had an mpMRI before the biopsy were selected. All patients underwent target biopsy plus standard systematic biopsy.

Comorbidity and socio-demographic factors associated with renal lithiasis in persons aged 40 to 65: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: Renal lithiasis is one of the most important urological diseases. It seems to be related to different socio-demographic and climatic factors, lifestyle and pre-existing comorbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables, certain risk factors and chronic diseases and the renal lithiasis.

[Epidemiology of urinary lithiasis in Spain: New scenarios.].

Renal lithiasis is one of the most common disorders in modern society, constituting an important health problem that associates a great economic burden. The nature of stone disease varies according to age and sex, being also influenced by dietary and lifestyle factors, and climatic variations among others. In spite of the advances made in the management of this pathology, it continues being a disease with a high recurrence rate.

European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator: External Validation, Variability, and Clinical Significance.

Objective: To externally validate the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculator (RC) and to evaluate its variability between 2 consecutive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively catalogued 1021 consecutive patients before prostate biopsy for suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa). The risk of PCa and significant PCa (Gleason score ≥7) from 749 patients was calculated according to ERSPC-RC (digital rectal examination-based version 3 of 4) for 2 consecutive PSA tests per patient.

[Prevalence of urolithiasis in the 40 to 65 year old Spanish population: The PreLiRenE study].

Background And Objective: Urolithiasis is a common urologic condition with increasing incidence in the population worldwide. In Andalusia (Spain), the PreLiRenA study showed a high prevalence (16.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.

[When should we perform a bone scintigraphy in patients with new diagnosis of asymptomatic prostate cancer in order to detect bone metastasis?].

Objective: To define, based on PSA value, Gleason score (GS), clinical stage and age, those patients diagnosed with asymptomatic prostate cancer whose cases warrant further study of bone metastasis (BMet).

Methods: From January 2006 to May 2010, we evaluated 263 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who were chosen for further study of bone scintigraphy following the consensus protocol accepted by the Ministry of Health of Andalusia (Integrated Andalusian Process Prostate Cancer-BPH). All selected studies met the criteria defined in the test indications: PSA >10 or Gleason score (GS) ≥7 or positive biopsy of seminal vesicles, all without symptoms of bone pain.

Palliative surgery for rare cases of anterior urethral metastasis in prostate cancer.

Penis metastasis from prostate cancer is very rare, and its management varies from case to case as there are very few cases reported in the literature. We describe a patient with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy who presented with urethral bleeding as a symptom of anterior urethral metastasis during followup. We propose a way to manage this and review the literature.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral calculi: improved efficacy using low frequency.

Objectives: To compare low versus high frequency for lithotripsy in the management of distal ureteral calculi.

Methods: A total of 154 patients with radio-opaque calculi (0.5-1 cm diameter) in the distal ureter were randomized to be given either lithotripsy at 80 or 60 pulses per min (high frequency or low frequency groups, respectively).

Hand metastasis from renal carcinoma.

Renal carcinoma may develop metachronous distant metastases without evidence of regional or local disease recurrence. These lesions may be misdiagnosed because of its benign-like appearance and lack of evidence of other disease spread.

Urinary bladder cancer risk factors in men: a Spanish case-control study.

The rising incidence of urinary bladder cancer is alarming and potential relationships with different risk factors have been postulated. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible relationship between different environmental risk factors and urinary bladder cancer. All men with urinary bladder cancer who were admitted to the Department of Urology of Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Spain over 1 year were included in our study.

[Multilocular cystic renal carcinoma: pathologic study of 14 cases].

Objectives: The article focuses on the multilocular cystic renal carcinoma, the most frequent of the renal cystic carcinomas. The importance of performing a separate analysis of these cystic tumors comes from their better prognosis some authors have suggested. Moreover, they are frequently difficult to differentiate from multilocular benign cysts and other benign lesions by radiological studies, cytology or even during surgery.