Pradofloxacin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Profiling of Isolates: Insights into Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Swine.

This study evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pradofloxacin against various swine respiratory pathogens, including , , , , and (), associated with disease in swine. This research was conducted in two phases: the initial phase examined isolates from the lungs that could be either commensal or pathogenic, while the second phase focused on systemic strains that spread from the respiratory tract to the brain. The pradofloxacin MIC values of the second phase were within the MIC range of the initial phase, with MIC and MIC values highlighting its potential as an effective antimicrobial agent.

Comparative assessment of the performance of a commercial fluorescent microsphere immunoassay and three commercial ELISAs for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae serum antibody detection.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is a significant porcine respiratory disease complex pathogen, prompting many swine farms and production systems to pursue M. hyopneumoniae elimination strategies.

Effect of pooled tracheal sample testing on the probability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae detection.

Tracheal pooling for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) DNA detection allows for decreased diagnostic cost, one of the main constraints in surveillance programs. The objectives of this study were to estimate the sensitivity of pooled-sample testing for the detection of M.

Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017-2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.

Background: Accurate measurement of disease associated with endemic bacterial agents in pig populations is challenging due to their commensal ecology, the lack of disease-specific antemortem diagnostic tests, and the polymicrobial nature of swine diagnostic cases. The main objective of this retrospective study was to estimate temporal patterns of agent detection and disease diagnosis for five endemic bacteria that can cause systemic disease in porcine tissue specimens submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) from 2017 to 2022. The study also explored the diagnostic value of specific tissue specimens for disease diagnosis, estimated the frequency of polymicrobial diagnosis, and evaluated the association between phase of pig production and disease diagnosis.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection dynamics in naïve replacement gilts introduced to positive farms.

This study was designed to characterize the dynamics of infection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in naïve replacement gilts after introduction to positive systems. Ninety-eight naïve gilts were monitored in three positive commercial farms (A, B, and C). The näive gilts were housed for 21 days in pens adjacently located to older gilt cohorts (named seeders), which have been naturally exposed to the positive farms.

Evaluation of the application of sequence data to the identification of outbreaks of disease using anomaly detection methods.

Anomaly detection methods have a great potential to assist the detection of diseases in animal production systems. We used sequence data of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) to define the emergence of new strains at the farm level. We evaluated the performance of 24 anomaly detection methods based on machine learning, regression, time series techniques and control charts to identify outbreaks in time series of new strains and compared the best methods using different time series: PCR positives, PCR requests and laboratory requests.

Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains circulating in North American swine production systems.

Background: Glaesserella parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease in pigs. Serotyping is the most common method used to type G. parasuis isolates.

Predicting antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens using time series analysis.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is arguably one of the major health and economic challenges in our society. A key aspect of tackling AMR is rapid and accurate detection of the emergence and spread of AMR in food animal production, which requires routine AMR surveillance. However, AMR detection can be expensive and time-consuming considering the growth rate of the bacteria and the most commonly used analytical procedures, such as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) testing.

Effect of testing protocol and within-pen prevalence on the detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA in oral fluid samples.

Combinations of 2 nucleic acid extractions and 3 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP) PCRs (namely Protocol 1, 2, 3, and 4) were compared in terms of the probability of detecting DNA in pen-based oral fluid samples as a function of within-pen MHP prevalence. Oral fluid samples were created by randomly assigning 39 7-week old pigs to one of 5 pens, i.e.

Cough associated with the detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA in clinical and environmental specimens under controlled conditions.

Background: The association of cough with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP) DNA detection in specimens was evaluated under conditions in which the MHP status of inoculated and contact-infected pen mates was closely monitored for 59 days post-inoculation (DPI).

Methods: Seven-week-old pigs (n = 39) were allocated to five rooms (with one pen). Rooms contained 9 pigs each, with 1, 3, 6, or 9 MHP-inoculated pigs, respectively, except Room 5 (three sham-inoculated pigs).

Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR.

Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Surveillance in Pig Populations: Establishing Sampling Guidelines for Detection in Growing Pigs.

Antemortem detection of infection in swine production systems has relied on antibody testing, but the availability of tests based on DNA detection and novel diagnostic specimens, e.g., tracheal swabs and oral fluids, has the potential to improve surveillance.

Adapting a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) oral fluid antibody ELISA to routine surveillance.

Distinct from tests used in diagnostics, tests used in surveillance must provide for detection while avoiding false alarms, i.e., acceptable diagnostic sensitivity but high diagnostic specificity.

Performance of Commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serum Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays under Experimental and Field Conditions.

is an economically significant pathogen of swine. serum antibody detection via commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is widely used for routine surveillance in commercial swine production systems. Samples from two studies were used to evaluate assay performance.

Molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma hyorhinis porcine field isolates in the United States.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is one of the causative agents of polyserositis and arthritis in post-weaning pigs. Here we describe the development of a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) protocol for the characterization of M. hyorhinis field isolates.

Temporal patterns of colonization and infection with Mycoplasma hyorhinis in two swine production systems in the USA.

Control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) associated disease is currently hindered by limited knowledge of the epidemiology and ecology of this organism. A prospective longitudinal investigation was conducted to determine the dynamics of M.

Genotyping of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) has re-emerged as an important swine pathogen in recent years causing significant economic losses in post weaning pigs. Genetic variability of M.

Field evaluation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma hyorhinis.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis has emerged as an important cause of systemic disease in nursery pigs. However, this bacterium can also be found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy swine. The current study describes the development of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of M.

Evaluation of CrystalTM Rapid Stool/Enteric ID System for Identification of Aerobic Gram-negative Bacilli.

OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the new miniaturized CrystalTM Rapid Stool/Enteric System (Becton-Dickinson, USA) for identification of aerobic gram-negative bacilli. METHODS: a total of 154 clinical organisms (Enterobacteriaceae: 120 strains; oxidase-positive fermenters: 13 strains; non-fermenters: 21 strains) were tested. Results were compared with those obtained with the PASCOR system (Difco, USA) and divergent identifications were evaluated by standard biochemical tests.