First cross-border outbreak of foodborne botulism in the European Union associated with the consumption of commercial dried roach ().

Botulism outbreaks due to commercial products are extremely rare in the European Union. Here we report on the first international outbreak of foodborne botulism caused by commercial salt-cured, dried roach (). Between November and December 2016, an outbreak of six foodborne botulism type E cases from five unrelated households was documented in Germany and Spain.

Botulism in Spain: Epidemiology and Outcomes of Antitoxin Treatment, 1997-2019.

Background: Botulism is a low incidence but potentially fatal infectious disease caused by neurotoxins produced mainly by . There are different routes of acquisition, food-borne and infant/intestinal being the most frequent presentation, and antitoxin is the treatment of choice in all cases. In Spain, botulism is under surveillance, and case reporting is mandatory.

Semen residual viral load and reproductive outcomes in HIV-infected men undergoing ICSI after extended semen preparation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) following a triple gradient extended semen wash from ejaculates of serodiscordant couples, and analyse their reproductive outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). For this purpose, a retrospective analysis of our database was performed in serodiscordant couples, with HIV-infected men and non-infected women, using fresh or frozen sperm with ICSI in oocytes from either the patients or donors from January 2006 to September 2013. Overall, the rate of positive HIV test after semen washing was 1.

Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the 6-hydroxydopamine preclinical model of Parkinson's disease.

We discuss the participation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in the 6-hydroxidopamine-induced Parkinson's disease model. The regulation of dynamic mitochondrial processes such as fusion, fission, and mitophagy has been shown to be an important mechanism controlling cellular fate. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics may contribute to both familial and sporadic neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.

Histone H1 and the origin of protamines.

We present evidence that chordate protamines have evolved from histone H1. During the final stages of spermatogenesis, the compaction of DNA in many organisms is accomplished by the replacement of histones with a class of arginine-rich proteins called protamines. In other organisms, however, condensation of sperm DNA can occur with comparable efficiency in the presence of somatic-type histones or, alternatively, an intermediate class of proteins called protamine-like proteins.

Evolution of octopod sperm II: comparison of acrosomal morphogenesis in Eledone and Octopus.

The first stages of acrosome development during Eledone cirrhosa spermiogenesis are similar to that in Octopus vulgaris, and comprise the initial elongation of both organelles. However, the acrosome in E. cirrhosa does not continue its elongation as it does in O.

Evolution of octopod sperm I: comparison of nuclear morphogenesis in Eledone and Octopus.

Morphogenesis of the Eledone cirrhosa sperm nucleus, as studied by electron microscopic techniques, is compared with that of Octopus vulgaris. Both species of cephalopods belong to the family Octopodidae. The results indicate that extensive nuclear helicoidization during E.