Capillary regression leads to sustained local hypoperfusion by inducing constriction of upstream transitional vessels.

In the brain, a microvascular sensory web coordinates oxygen delivery to regions of neuronal activity. This involves a dense network of capillaries that send conductive signals upstream to feeding arterioles to promote vasodilation and blood flow. Although this process is critical to the metabolic supply of healthy brain tissue, it may also be a point of vulnerability in disease.

Impaired drainage through capillary-venous networks contributes to age-related white matter loss.

The gradual loss of cerebral white matter contributes to cognitive decline during aging. However, microvascular networks that support the metabolic demands of white matter remain poorly defined. We used deep multi-photon imaging to characterize microvascular networks that perfuse cortical layer 6 and corpus callosum, a highly studied region of white matter in the mouse brain.

The elusive brain perivascular fibroblast: a potential role in vascular stability and homeostasis.

In the brain, perivascular fibroblasts (PVFs) reside within the perivascular spaces (PVSs) of arterioles and large venules, however their physiological and pathophysiological roles remain largely unknown. PVFs express numerous extracellular matrix proteins that are found in the basement membrane and PVS surrounding large diameter vessels. PVFs are sandwiched between the mural cell layer and astrocytic endfeet, where they are poised to interact with mural cells, perivascular macrophages, and astrocytes.

Capillary regression leads to sustained local hypoperfusion by inducing constriction of upstream transitional vessels.

Unlabelled: In the brain, a microvascular sensory web coordinates oxygen delivery to regions of neuronal activity. This involves a dense network of capillaries that send conductive signals upstream to feeding arterioles to promote vasodilation and blood flow. Although this process is critical to the metabolic supply of healthy brain tissue, it may also be a point of vulnerability in disease.

Alkylation converts riboflavin into an efficient photosensitizer of phospholipid membranes.

A new decyl chain [-(CH)CH] riboflavin conjugate has been synthesized and investigated. A nucleophilic substitution (S2) reaction was used for coupling the alkyl chain to riboflavin (Rf), a model natural photosensitizer. As expected, the alkylated compound (decyl-Rf) is significantly more lipophilic than its precursor and efficiently intercalates within phospholipid bilayers, increasing its fluorescence quantum yield.

Acute and chronic HBV infection in central Argentina: High frequency of sub-genotype F1b, low detection of clinically relevant mutations and first evidence of HDV.

Introduction: Genomic analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) identifies phylogenetic variants, which may lead to distinct biological and clinical behaviors. The satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) may also influence clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate HBV genetic variants, including clinically relevant mutations, and HDV infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in central Argentina.

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocleavage of Bis-decyl Pteroic Acid: A Folate Derivative with Affinity to Biomembranes.

Here, we provide mechanistic insight to the photocleavage of a compound in the folate family, namely pteroic acid. A bis-decyl chain derivative of pteroic acid was synthesized, structurally characterized and photochemically investigated. We showed that, like folic acid, pteroic acid and the decylated derivative undergo a photocleavage reaction in the presence of H O, while no reaction was observed in methanol solution.

Immobilization of alkyl-pterin photosensitizer on silicon surfaces through in situ S2 reaction as suitable approach for photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus.

The tuning of surface properties through functionalization is an important field of research with a broad spectrum of applications. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) allow the surface tailoring through the adsorption of molecular layers having the appropriate functional group or precursor group enabling in situ chemical reactions and thus to the incorporation of new functionalities. The latter approach is particularly advantageous when the incorporation of huge groups is needed.

Mono- and Bis-Alkylated Lumazine Sensitizers: Synthetic, Molecular Orbital Theory, Nucleophilic Index and Photochemical Studies.

Mono- and bis-decylated lumazines have been synthesized and characterized. Namely, mono-decyl chain [1-decylpteridine-2,4(1,3H)-dione] 6a and bis-decyl chain [1,3-didecylpteridine-2,4(1,3H)-dione] 7a conjugates were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (S 2) reactions of lumazine with 1-iododecane in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Decyl chain coupling occurred at the N site and then the N site in a sequential manner, without DMF condensation.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Rehabilitative Training Enhances Motor Recovery After Bilateral Spinal Cord Injury to Cervical Forelimb Motor Pools.

Closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitative training has emerged as a strategy to enhance recovery after neurological injury. Previous studies demonstrate that brief bursts of closed-loop VNS paired with rehabilitative training substantially improve recovery of forelimb motor function in models of unilateral and bilateral contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) at spinal level C5/6. While these findings provide initial evidence of the utility of VNS for SCI, the injury model used in these studies spares the majority of alpha motor neurons originating in C7-T1 that innervate distal forelimb muscles.

Effect of protease EPg222 obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from dry-cured ham in pieces of pork loins.

The fungal protease EPg222 obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum Pg222 isolated from dry-cured ham, was assayed for proteolytic activity in a meat model system based on sterile pieces of pork loins for 32 days. Treated samples showed a significative reduction of total high ionic strength-soluble proteins during the incubation period, as compared with a control incubated without enzyme, both on the surface and in the depth. SDS-PAGE analysis of this protein fraction showed higher hydrolysis of the main myofibrillar proteins H-meromyosin, actin, and tropomyosin in treated samples.

Production of cyclopiazonic acid by Penicillium commune isolated from dry-cured ham on a meat extract-based substrate.

Penicillium commune, a mold frequently found on dry-cured meat products, is able to synthesize the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). To evaluate the hazard due to CPA on such foods, the ability of P. commune to grow and produce CPA at water activities (a(w)) in the range of 0.