Attitudes and Beliefs of Primary Care Physicians and Nurses in Spain Toward Vegan Diets.

Background: As dietary habits shift in response to environmental concerns and health awareness, understanding healthcare professionals' perceptions of vegan diets is crucial.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the beliefs and attitudes of primary care doctors and nurses in Spain towards vegan diets.

Methods: A questionnaire-based, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 healthcare professionals.

Effectiveness of a nurse-led mHealth approach in preventing obesity in adolescents: an intervention study.

Background: Obesity prevention in adolescents is a public health priority given its increasing prevalence and health impact of obesity.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in overweight and obesity using a mHealth app in improving nutritional and sports knowledge, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity and anthropometric measurements in adolescents.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial with parallel groups that included 305 adolescents.

Efficacy of a Mobile Health App (eMOTIVA) Regarding Compliance With Cardiac Rehabilitation Guidelines in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is fundamental among patients recovering from a coronary event, and mHealth technology may constitute a useful tool that provides guidelines based on scientific evidence in an entertaining, attractive, and user-friendly format.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of an mHealth intervention involving the eMOTIVA app and that of usual care regarding compliance with cardiac rehabilitation guidelines in terms of lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, and satisfaction among patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel group design was conducted.

Effectiveness of an Interactive mHealth App (EVITE) in Improving Lifestyle After a Coronary Event: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Secondary prevention is essential, as it reduces the risk of further coronary events. Mobile health (mHealth) technology could become a useful tool to improve lifestyles.

Impact of mHealth application on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation guidelines after a coronary event: Randomised controlled clinical trial protocol.

Background: Coronary disease is the main cause of death around the world. mHealth technology is considered attractive and promising to promote behavioural changes aimed at healthy lifestyle habits among coronary patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an mHealth intervention regarding improved results in secondary prevention in patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or angina in terms of lifestyle, clinical variables and therapeutic compliance.

Assessment of an intervention for preventing pediatric overweight and obesity through the World Café technique: A qualitative study.

Purpose: To evaluate the self-reported perspectives of participants involved in the Previene Cádiz intervention for preventing pediatric overweight and obesity.

Design And Methods: This qualitative study collected information through the World Café technique. A purposive sample of 40 participants was used, of which 14 were schoolchildren, 12 were teachers, and 14 were parent volunteers.

Impact of an early 1000-day intervention for obesity prevention on adiposity and BMI at two years of age: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: The 1000-day period encompassing pregnancy and the first two years of postnatal life is critical for preventing childhood obesity. Existing interventions targeting this period have been characterised by great variability in duration, objectives, and evaluation indicators. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an intervention developed during the entire 1000-day period on body mass index and body fat percentage at two years of age.

Validation of the General and Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GeSNK) in Spanish Adolescents.

The General and Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GeSNK) is an instrument that has been developed and validated to assess the level of nutrition knowledge in adolescents and young adults. The aim of the present study was to validate the GeSNK questionnaire in a group of Spanish adolescents in the framework of a Nutrition Education Programme in Secondary Schools in Andalusia, Spain. This cross-sectional questionnaire validation study was developed in two phases: translation-cultural adaptation and validation.

Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions in the Control of Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients After a Coronary Event: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Coronary artery disease is the main cause of death and loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Information and communication technology has become an important part of health care systems, including the innovative cardiac rehabilitation services through mobile phone and mobile health (mHealth) interventions.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of different kinds of mHealth programs in changing lifestyle behavior, promoting adherence to treatment, and controlling modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and psychosocial outcomes in patients who have experienced a coronary event.

Motivation and Limiting Factors for Adherence to Weight Loss Interventions among Patients with Obesity in Primary Care.

The cornerstones of obesity management are diet, physical activity and behavioral change. However, there is considerable scientific evidence that lifestyle interventions to treat obesity are rarely implemented in primary care. The aim of this study is to analyze motivation to lose weight among patients with obesity, the resources implemented by primary care centers to promote behavioral change and the limiting factors reported by the patients themselves when attempting to lose weight.

[Characterization, epidemiology and trends of eating disorders].

Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications.

[Advertising and the media in eating disorders].

The media, by means of advertising, convey an ideal of unreal beauty associated with positive traits such as popularity, esteem, acceptance, intelligence, etc. This can be one of the factors that compromise emotional and physical health, being responsible for creating unrealistic expectations and body dissatisfaction, and exerting a very important influence on the triggering or maintenance of bad eating habits that can lead to eating disorders. The youngest population has a low capacity to anticipate the harmful effects of certain messages with commercial interests, and this requires implementing preventive programs based on media education, accompanied by modeling in the family nucleus to promote a healthy lifestyle.

[Social media and cyberbullying in eating disorders].

Eating disorders (ED) are a multifactorial pathology. In their origin multiple variables are involved to which nowadays a possible enhancing factor is added: the diffusion and promotion of the culture of thinness and the apology of ED through the social media (SM) used by the youngest people. Through the feedback tools of the social networks (likes, comments, visits, retweets, etc.

Design and Validation of a Scale of Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle after Coronary Event.

Background: It is important for health professionals to have tools available to assess patients' knowledge of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors after they have suffered a coronary event and determine whether educational interventions are effective. This study aims to design and validate a scale to evaluate this knowledge.

Methods: Four-phase instrument design: (A) Conceptual review.

Independent and Combined Association of Lifestyle Behaviours and Physical Fitness with Body Weight Status in Schoolchildren.

(1) Background: Lifestyle behaviours and physical fitness play a critical role in the development of childhood obesity. It has been demonstrated in this study that self-reported physical fitness is representative of a healthy lifestyle and thus is associated with a lower incidence of overweight/obesity. The objective of this study was to analyse the independent and combined association of lifestyles (physical activity, screen time, diet and hours of sleep) and self-reported physical fitness with body weight in schoolchildren.

Burden of non-communicable disease studies in Europe: a systematic review of data sources and methodological choices.

Background: Assessment of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) resulting from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) requires specific calculation methods and input data. The aims of this study were to (i) identify existing NCD burden of disease (BoD) activities in Europe; (ii) collate information on data sources for mortality and morbidity; and (iii) provide an overview of NCD-specific methods for calculating NCD DALYs.

Methods: NCD BoD studies were systematically searched in international electronic literature databases and in grey literature.

Lifestyle and Treatment Adherence Intervention after a Coronary Event Based on an Interactive Web Application (EVITE): Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol.

Coronary heart disease is one of the main causes of morbimortality around the world. Patients that survive a coronary event suffer a high risk of readmission, relapse and mortality, attributed to the sub-optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), which highlights the need to improve secondary prevention strategies aimed at improving their lifestyle and adherence to treatment. Through a randomized controlled clinical trial, this study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention involving an online health application supported by a mobile telephone or tablet (mHealth) on lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and tobacco consumption) and treatment adherence among people with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.

A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study "PREVIENE-CÁDIZ".

This paper describes the protocol for a study designed to address the high prevalence (40%) of childhood overweight and obesity in the province of Cádiz, Spain, as a reflection of what is happening worldwide. It is widely known that children who suffer from childhood obesity have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This causes a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in health spending.

Effectiveness of dry needling for upper extremity spasticity, quality of life and function in subacute phase stroke patients.

Background: Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in Europe, represents one of the most common causes of disability in adult patients, and involves considerable short- and long-term social and healthcare costs. The effectiveness of deep dry needling (DDN) on affected arm functionality was assessed throughout 8 weeks of treatment in patients with stroke in the subacute phase.

Methods: Eighty patients were included in this two-group non-randomised study after a propensity score analysis was carried out.

Evaluation of Obesity Management Recorded in Electronic Clinical History: A Cohort Study.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Because of their close proximity to the population, primary care physicians and nurses are in a unique position to motivate and advise patients with obesity on a healthy diet and increased physical activity. Drawing from information recorded in electronic clinical records, we evaluated how the general recommendations included in obesity guidelines are being implemented in routine clinical practice.

In-hospital dietary intake and the course of mobilization among older patients with hip fracture in the post-surgical period.

Background And Purpose: Most older persons who suffer hip-fracture are frail and show comorbidities and functional deterioration, with poor short and long-term prognosis, high morbidity rates, and premature death. The aim of this work was to assess the association between in-hospital dietary intake and the course of mobilization of hip-fractured older patients in the post-surgical period until hospital discharge.

Methods: Prospective, observational, cohort study, n = 90 hip-fracture ≥ 65 years old patients.

[Food model in western Andalusia].

As is known, the type and amount of food consumption determine the nutritional composition of the diet. A healthy nutritional composition plays an essential role in the prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity. Regarding overweight and obesity, its prevalence has increased in recent years in our country and more markedly in Andalusia, reaching quite worrying figures, due to unfavorable changes in lifestyle and nutrition.