Improvement of fatigue in multiple sclerosis by physical exercise is associated to modulation of systemic interferon response.

Mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) fatigue and the causes of the beneficial effect of exercise on this symptom are not clarified. Our aim was to evaluate gene expression profiles in MS patients who improved their fatigue status after an exercise program and to compare them with healthy controls (HC). Gene expression in whole blood was profiled at baseline in 7 HC and also in 7 fatigued-MS patients.

Characteristics of the first 1000 headaches in an outpatient headache clinic registry.

Objective: To analyze the incidence and characteristics of the first 1000 headaches in an outpatient clinic.

Background: Headache is a common cause of medical consultation, both in primary care and in specialist neurology outpatient clinics. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition (ICHD-II), enables headaches to be classified in a precise and reproducible manner.