Antibiotic consumption in the first months of life: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The factors and patterns associated with antibiotic consumption in infants are unclear. Our aim was to assess the cumulative incidence of antibiotic consumption from birth to 16 months and identify factors associated with antibiotic consumption among infants aged 4-16 months.

Material And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2016 in a sample of 18 882 women from Galicia, Spain, who had given birth to a live child between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2016.

Evolution of smoking prevalence in Spain and its 17 autonomous regions (1987-2020).

Background And Objectives: Continuous monitoring of smoking prevalence is essential to understand the evolution of the tobacco epidemic in a population. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of smoking prevalence in Spain and its 17 Autonomous Regions (ARs) in population ≥15 years during the period 1987-2020.

Methods: Tobacco consumption data were derived from the National Health Survey of Spain and the European Health Survey in Spain.

Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity from a comprehensive perspective.

Objective: To characterize the prevalence of physical activity in the population aged ≥16 years integrating sedentarism and physical inactivity.

Method: A cross-sectional study using data from the Galician Risk Behavior Data System (n=12,928) was conducted. The population was classified into four categories: physically active (active and non-sedentary), active but sedentary (active and sedentary), lightly active (inactive and non-sedentary), and extremely sedentary (inactive and sedentary).

Evolution of sedentarism prevalence in Spanish population between 1987 and 2020.

Background And Objective: Sedentary behavior is a predictive factor for numerous diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of the prevalence of sedentary behavior in the Spanish adult population between 1987 and 2020.

Methods: The data sources were the National and European Health Surveys.

Testicular Evaluation Using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in Patients with Varicocele.

Purpose: To assess the possible influence of the presence of varicocele on the quantification of testicular stiffness.

Methods: Ultrasound with shear wave elastography (SWE) was performed on 48 consecutive patients (96 testicles) referred following urology consultation for different reasons. A total of 94 testes were studied and distributed in three groups: testes with varicocele (group A, n = 19), contralateral normal testes (group B; n = 13) and control group (group C, n = 62).

[Short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for general population: MLTPAQ 9+2].

The aim of this study was to propose a short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) to estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity. MLTPAQ was included in the Galician Risk Behavior Information System survey. Each activity was associated with an intensity code, in multiples of 1 MET, and a weekly energy expenditure of less than 1000kcal was defined as physically inactive.

Estimations of smoking-attributable mortality in Spain at a regional level: comparison of two methods.

Purpose: To estimate and discuss smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) for the 17 regions in Spain among the population aged ≥35 years in 2017, using two methods.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of SAM was conducted using two methods, the prevalence-independent method (PIM) and the prevalence-dependent method (PDM). Observed mortality was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics; smoking prevalence from three National Health Surveys; lung cancer mortality rates from the Cancer Prevention Study-II; and relative risks from five US cohorts.

[Attributable mortality to tobacco consumption in Brazil, 1996-2019].

Objective: To analyze the burden of tobacco consumption on mortality and years of life expectancy lost in population ≥35 years in Brazil in the period 1996-2019 and to identify trend changes in smoking-attributable mortality.

Method: An independent prevalence method using the lung cancer mortality rate as a proxy for cumulative smoking risk was used to estimate smoking-attributable mortality. Smoking-attributable mortality is estimated from the lung cancer mortality rate and applying relative risks from 5 US cohorts.

[Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum: prevalence and healthcare professionals recommendations].

Objective: To assess changes in physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and after giving birth and to explore this according to age and educational level. To analyze whether the health professionals gave recommendations on PA.

Design: Observational study.

Cannabis use in adult population in Galicia: Prevalence and associated characteristics.

Cannabis is the most widely consumed illegal drug in Spain, with consumption concentrated mainly in adolescence and early adulthood. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (CUD) and dependent use in the Galician population aged 16 years and over, and to characterize cannabis users and cannabis dependent users. Data are from two cross-sectional studies from the Risk Behavior Information System conducted in 2017 (n = 7,841) and 2018 (n = 7,853).

Mortality Attributable to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Spain in 2020.

Introduction And Objectives: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of ETS exposure in Spain on mortality in 2020 in the population aged 35 years and over.

Methods: A method of estimating attributable mortality (AM) based on the prevalence of ETS exposure was applied.

Internet use and abuse in the adult population of Galicia: Prevalence and associated characteristics.

Internet use has rapidly spread around the world becoming an indispensable part of daily life. Despite its advantages, the dysfunctional use or abuse of the Internet can lead to addiction problems. The main objectives established in this study were to assess the prevalence of Internet use in the general Galician population and the prevalence of problematic internet use (PIU) and at-risk of PIU in 2017.

[Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in terms of incidence and lethality in nursing homes in Galicia (Spain)].

Objectives: To know the impact of COVID-19 in incidence and lethality in nursing homes in Galicia.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of nursing homes residents and workers with confirmed COVID-19. The analysis spanned from March 1, 2020 to March 27, 2022, stratified into 6 periods (one per wave).

Where Do Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Die? 8-Year Trend, with Special Focus on Sex-Related Differences.

Background: To plan end-of-life care it is essential to ascertain where patients die. There is very little information on the place of death of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Accordingly, this study set out to describe the place of death of all COPD-related deaths in a Spanish region across the period 2009-2017, taking into account the sex and age of the deceased.

Serum cotinine cut-points for secondhand smoke exposure assessment in children under 5 years: A systemic review.

Background: Serum cotinine has become the most widely used biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) over time in all ages. The aim of this study was to review the serum cotinine cut-points used to classify children under 5 years as exposed to SHS.

Methods: A systematic review performed in the Pubmed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases up to April 2021 was conducted using as key words "serum cotinine", "tobacco smoke pollution" (MeSH), "secondhand smoke", "environmental tobacco smoke" and "tobacco smoke exposure".

Methodological guidelines for the estimation of attributable mortality using a prevalence-based method: the STREAMS-P tool.

Background: There is evidence of strong links between exposure to different risk factors and life-threatening diseases. Assessing the burden of a risk factor on the population's mortality due to a given disease provides a clear picture of these links. The estimation of attributable mortality to a risk factor is the most widely used procedure for doing this.

COVID-19 Variability Within European Countries Sourced From ECDC Data. Is Variability Explained by Specific Country Policies?

Background: Europe has had a large variability in COVID-19 incidence between and within countries, particularly after June 2020. We aim to assess the variability between European countries and regions located in a given country.

Methods: We used ECDC information including countries having 7 regions or more.

Alcohol consumption and characterization of hazardous drinkers in Galicia.

Detailed knowledge of the epidemiology of alcohol consumption at the population level is essential to the design of effective public health programs. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of daily, sporadic, occasional, binge and hazardous alcohol consumption among the Galician population aged 16 years and over, and to characterize hazardous drinkers, taking into account the gender perspective. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among people aged over 15 years residing in Galicia in the framework of the Risk Behavior Information System (SICRI).